States of Matter

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a state of matter from another?

  • The unique properties and characteristics of its particles (correct)
  • The shape of its particles
  • The kinetic energy of its particles
  • The chemical bonds between its particles

In which state of matter do particles have the most freedom of motion?

  • Plasma
  • Gas (correct)
  • Liquid
  • Solid

What is the term for the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas?

  • Condensation
  • Melting
  • Vaporization
  • Sublimation (correct)

What is the purpose of a phase diagram?

<p>To predict the state of matter at different temperatures and pressures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter is characterized by a high-energy state where atoms are ionized?

<p>Plasma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which a liquid changes into a solid, releasing heat energy in the process?

<p>Freezing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

States of Matter

Definition

  • A state of matter is a distinct phase of matter that has unique properties and characteristics.

Types of States of Matter

  • Solid:
    • Particles are closely packed and have a fixed position.
    • Particles vibrate in place but do not change position.
    • Has a definite shape and volume.
  • Liquid:
    • Particles are close together but are free to move past each other.
    • Particles have some freedom of motion.
    • Takes the shape of its container and has a definite volume.
  • Gas:
    • Particles are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction.
    • Particles have a lot of freedom of motion.
    • Has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
  • Plasma:
    • A high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized.
    • Contains ions and free electrons.
    • Found in stars, lightning, and neon signs.

Changes of State

  • Melting: Solid → Liquid (absorption of heat energy)
  • Freezing: Liquid → Solid (release of heat energy)
  • Vaporization: Liquid → Gas (absorption of heat energy)
  • Condensation: Gas → Liquid (release of heat energy)
  • Sublimation: Solid → Gas (absorption of heat energy)
  • Deposition: Gas → Solid (release of heat energy)

Phase Diagrams

  • A graph that shows the relationships between temperature, pressure, and states of matter.
  • Used to predict the state of matter at different temperatures and pressures.

States of Matter

  • A state of matter is a distinct phase of matter that has unique properties and characteristics.

Types of States of Matter

  • Solids:
    • Particles are closely packed and have a fixed position.
    • Particles vibrate in place but do not change position.
    • Has a definite shape and volume.
  • Liquids:
    • Particles are close together but are free to move past each other.
    • Particles have some freedom of motion.
    • Takes the shape of its container and has a definite volume.
  • Gases:
    • Particles are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction.
    • Particles have a lot of freedom of motion.
    • Has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
  • Plasma:
    • A high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized.
    • Contains ions and free electrons.
    • Found in stars, lightning, and neon signs.

Changes of State

  • Melting: Solid → Liquid (absorption of heat energy)
  • Freezing: Liquid → Solid (release of heat energy)
  • Vaporization: Liquid → Gas (absorption of heat energy)
  • Condensation: Gas → Liquid (release of heat energy)
  • Sublimation: Solid → Gas (absorption of heat energy)
  • Deposition: Gas → Solid (release of heat energy)

Phase Diagrams

  • A graph that shows the relationships between temperature, pressure, and states of matter.
  • Used to predict the state of matter at different temperatures and pressures.

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