States of Matter and Substances

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Questions and Answers

Which property is not characteristic of metals?

Can be drawn into wire

Brittleness (correct)

Ability to conduct electricity

Lustrous appearance

Which of the following statements about non-metals is incorrect?

They are not lustrous except for certain exceptions.

Some can exist in solid forms.

They can be found in gaseous states.

They have high conductivity in general. (correct)

What distinguishes metalloids from metals and non-metals?

Their properties are intermediate between metals and non-metals. (correct)

They possess properties of metals only.

They can only exist in solid state.

They can never conduct electricity.

What is the primary difference between compounds and mixtures?

Compounds are composed of two or more substances in a fixed proportion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the states of matter?

Liquid and solid states have distinct properties but can interconvert. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is classified as a metal?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

Which of these materials is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Air Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements cannot be classified as a pure substance?

Tainted water Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean absolute deviation if the observed value is 3.9 g and the absolute deviation is ±0.03 g?

0.8% Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement has the least significant figures?

400 g Signup and view all the answers

In the measurement 10.2 ± 0.1 mL, which number indicates the uncertain digit?

2 Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.32 g?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the number of significant figures in a measurement indicate?

The precision of the measurement Signup and view all the answers

If the weighing machine has a least count of 0.001 g, how many significant figures does the measurement 0.400 g have?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative deviation if the mean absolute deviation is ±0.03 g and the mean is 3.9 g?

0.8% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about significant figures is incorrect?

Leading zeros are significant figures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the value at which all molecular motion stops, also known as Absolute Zero?

-273.15 K Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly relates Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures?

$F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32$ Signup and view all the answers

How is the relationship between Kelvin and Celsius defined?

$K = C + 273$ Signup and view all the answers

If the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, what is its equivalent in Kelvin?

273.15 K Signup and view all the answers

What is the Fahrenheit equivalent of 100 degrees Celsius?

212 F Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about temperature scales is correct?

Kelvin scale has no negative values. Signup and view all the answers

What is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit?

212 F Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature scale is primarily used for scientific measurements?

Kelvin Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does the Celsius scale set the freezing point of water?

0 C Signup and view all the answers

What does the calibration mark on a graduated cylinder indicate?

Volume of liquid in milliliters Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula mass of sodium chloride (NaCl)?

58.5 u Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the formula mass of Cu(NO3)2?

63.5 + 2(14 + 3 × 16) Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular mass of water (H2O)?

18 u Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the meeting held on 20.6.2019 by the Coordination Committee?

The meeting approved the textbook for academic use. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula mass of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?

98 u Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of one molecule of oxygen (O2) in atomic mass units (amu)?

32 u Signup and view all the answers

In which academic year was the textbook implemented?

2019-20 Signup and view all the answers

If the atomic mass of calcium is 40.1 u, what is the formula mass of calcium sulfate (CaSO4)?

136.1 u Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Q.R. code mentioned in the textbook?

To access full text and audio-visual study material. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'molar mass' refer to?

The mass of one mole of a substance in grams Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for the rights and permission regarding the textbook?

Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expresses one dozen?

12 items Signup and view all the answers

Who is listed as the chairman of the subject committee for this textbook?

Dr.Chandrashekhar V. Murumkar Signup and view all the answers

What does the indication of 'First Edition' signify?

It is the initial publication of the textbook. Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for typesetting the textbook?

DTP Section, Textbook Bureau, Pune Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Coordination Committee as described in the document?

To approve and implement educational curricula. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

States of Matter

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
The particles in a solid are closely packed together, allowing for limited movement.
The particles in a liquid are able to move around, allowing for more freedom.
The particles in a gas are far apart and move independently.
Changing the temperature and pressure can cause a change in the state of matter.

Types of Substances

Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Compounds are pure substances, but they can be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions.
Mixtures contain multiple substances that are not chemically bonded, and they can be separated by physical means.
Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout.
Heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition.

Properties of Matter

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition (e.g., color, density, melting point).
Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with others (e.g., flammability, reactivity with acids).

Atomic Mass and Molecular Mass

Atomic Mass is the average weight of an atom of an element.
Molecular Mass is the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule.
Formula Mass is the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a formula unit, used for ionic compounds.

Mole Concept and Molar Mass

The Mole is a unit used to express the amount of substance, containing Avogadro's number (6.022×10²³) of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.).
Molar Mass is the mass of one mole of a substance expressed in grams/mole.

Significant Figures

Significant figures represent the precision of a measurement.
Leading zeros are not significant.
Trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant.
Zeros between non-zero digits are significant.

Uncertainty in Measurements

Absolute Deviation is the difference between the observed value and the mean.
Mean Absolute Deviation is the average of all absolute deviations.
Relative Deviation is the mean absolute deviation divided by the mean, expressed as a percentage.

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Description

Explore the different states of matter, from solids to gases, and understand the distinction between elements, compounds, and mixtures. This quiz covers the properties of matter and how temperature and pressure influence change. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in science.