States and Properties of Matter

What is a property of gases that makes them difficult to detect?

Which activity can demonstrate the presence of air in an empty bottle?

What gas is produced when vinegar is mixed with bicarbonate of soda?

What happens to a balloon or paper bag when you blow into it?

Which of the following substances can be classified as a gas?

What is the purpose of covering the marked area with petroleum jelly?

Which step follows after placing the pieces of plastic in different locations?

What should you do after observing the amount of air pollution on the plastic?

How can you represent the results of your pollution study visually?

What can be concluded if a student correctly predicts the location with the most air pollution?

States and Properties of Matter

Matter exists in three states: solids, liquids, and gases.
The particle model describes the structure and properties of matter.
- Solids: particles are very close together, fixed positions, cannot be compressed.
- Liquids: particles are closely packed but further apart, can flow and take the shape of the container, can be compressed slightly.
- Gases: particles are far apart, move freely in all directions, can be compressed easily, no fixed shape or volume.

Properties of Water

Water exists in three states: solid (ice), liquid, and gas (water vapor).
Water changes state when heated or cooled.
- Melting: solid to liquid (0°C for ice).
- Boiling: liquid to gas (100°C for water).
Melting and boiling points are properties of substances.
Water is sometimes called the universal solvent because many substances dissolve in it.
Water expands when frozen.

Evaporation and Condensation

Evaporation: liquid changes to a gas.
Condensation: gas changes to a liquid.
These processes are part of the water cycle.

Solutions

A solution is a mixture of a solute (solid) dissolved in a solvent (liquid).
Solutes can dissolve in solvents.
Solutions have a uniform appearance (the same throughout).
Some substances are soluble in water (dissolve easily).
Some substances are insoluble in water (do not dissolve easily).
Dissolving is a reversible process.
Pollution can occur when soluble or insoluble substances dissolve in water.

Explore the different states and properties of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases. Understand the particle model and how substances like water transition between states. Quiz yourself on evaporation, condensation, and the unique properties of water.