State and Non-State Institutions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of institutions in the context of society?

  • Informal social gatherings that occur sporadically.
  • Technological platforms used for communication and entertainment.
  • Organizations or systems shaping society through governance, services, and regulations. (correct)
  • Personal relationships and networks between individuals.

In what fundamental way do state institutions differ from non-state institutions?

  • State institutions focus on economic activities, while non-state institutions handle social issues.
  • State institutions are always larger and more influential than non-state institutions.
  • State institutions are involved in international affairs, while non-state institutions operate locally.
  • State institutions are established, funded, and regulated by the government, whereas non-state institutions operate independently. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a state institution's function that directly affects the judicial process?

  • Overseeing the national budget allocation for infrastructure projects.
  • Adjudicating disputes and interpreting laws through a system of courts. (correct)
  • Regulating international trade agreements and tariffs.
  • Enacting laws related to environmental conservation.

How does the Executive Branch influence the bureaucracy within a country?

<p>Through the appointment of cabinet members who oversee various governmental departments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a political context, what does 'power' primarily refer to?

<p>The capacity to achieve desired outcomes despite potential opposition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the concept of 'governments demand compliance' related to power in a society?

<p>It suggests the imposition of rules and laws that citizens are expected to follow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of Rational-Legal Authority (or bureaucratic authority)?

<p>Authority derived from legally created rules and regulations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario in which a society maintains order primarily through respect for age-old customs and traditions. Which type of authority is most likely at play?

<p>Traditional Authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What core function distinguishes the Legislative branch from the Executive and Judicial branches?

<p>Creating, altering, and repealing laws. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of institutions, what characterizes a 'political structure'?

<p>The organized allocation of power and decision-making processes within a society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most indicative of Trade Unions?

<p>Lobbying for the interest of workforces, on issues, like trade integrity, safety standards, health care, and retirement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Generalized Reciprocity from Balanced Reciprocity?

<p>Generalized reciprocity emphasizes personal relationships over economic considerations, while balanced reciprocity expects an equal exchange, not necessarily immediate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what primary way do cooperatives differ from traditional for-profit businesses?

<p>Cooperatives are jointly owned and operated for the mutual benefit of their members, focusing on production or distribution of goods or services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider taxes being collected from individuals based on their income and then utilized to fund social security programs. What best describes this?

<p>Redistribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a corporation?

<p>It is a legal entity separate from its owners with the ability to enter contracts, loan and borrow money, hire employees, own assets and pay taxes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a business offers a service and expects payment at a later date, what form of reciprocity best describes it?

<p>Balanced Reciprocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action exemplifies the role of the Judicial Branch in maintaining a balanced government?

<p>Declaring a law unconstitutional if it infringes upon individual rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately characterizes a non-state institution?

<p>Functions independently from government influence, often privately owned or community-based. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key implication of the Legislative branch having the power to alter existing laws?

<p>It creates a system of checks and balances, allowing adaptation to changing societal needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions might Charismatic Authority arise, and how does it function?

<p>During times of social upheaval, where a leader inspires through personal qualities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-state institutions contribute to a society's resilience?

<p>By offering services and support independently of the government, filling service gaps. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a government program aims to redistribute wealth to reduce income inequality, how would redistribution work?

<p>By collecting taxes and providing benefits to lower-income individuals and families. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a Market Exchange to take place?

<p>Money used in exchange for goods or services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios represents Negative Reciprocity?

<p>Negotiating a business deal where one party seeks to maximize profit at the other's expense. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evaluate the influence of Presidential appointments on the Executive Branch's operations.

<p>Appointments centralize policy control and shape the bureaucratic agenda. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best reflects and exemplifies Power within a Government?

<p>A government implements a new tax policy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A society reveres its monarch due to a hereditary claim tracing back centuries. What form of authority sustains this rule?

<p>Traditional Authority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role of maintaining a balanced government BEST exemplifies the judicial branch?

<p>Interpreting law and settling disputes between individuals or entities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast a non-state intuition, such as a global NGO, with one that's state-run, like a government agency.

<p>The state will have the flexibility to change laws, but will be limited due to political views, not just humanitarian causes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In societies governed by Rational-Legal Authority, what would one expect?

<p>Bureaucracy and formalized structure; the public is not involved in the changes, it's all legal based. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a corporation's role as a non-state institution affect economic practices?

<p>Corporations can create business, trade, and set prices in markets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms of authority depends on devotion and obedience?

<p>Charismatic Authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between "state institutions" and "non-state institutions?"

<p>State institutions are regulated and funded by the goverment; non-state institutions are private and funded by the public. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible pitfall of the Legislative Branch?

<p>Laws based on political values can be created, with the expense of certain groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe redistribution of wealth? (Select all that apply)

<p>An equal distribution of finances from the government. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Institutions

Organizations or systems shaping society through governance, services, and regulations.

State Institutions

Organizations established, funded, and regulated by the government.

Non-State Institutions

Operate independently from the government; may be private, community-based, or international.

Political Structure or Institution

The organized way power is allocated and decisions are made within a society.

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Executive Branch

Comprised of the President and Vice President, chosen by popular vote for a term.

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Legislative Branch

Can make, alter, and reverse laws through the Philippine Congress.

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Judicial Branch

Maintains the power to resolve disputes concerning legally demandable and enforceable rights.

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Power

Capacity to realize desired ends despite opposition; governments demand compliance.

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Traditional Authority

Respect for a long-standing cultural pattern is used to legitimize power.

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Rational-Legal Authority

Legally created rules and regulations are used to legitimize power.

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Charismatic Authority

Extraordinary personal skills that inspire devotion and obedience are used to legitimize power.

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Reciprocity

Transaction between socially equal parties with regards to values of goods or services.

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Generalized Reciprocity

A form of transaction which utilizes gestures that expresses personal relationships.

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Balanced Reciprocity

The giver is expected to gain something in return although it does not have to be given instantly.

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Negative Reciprocity

This transaction is being practiced using deceiving ways to gain profit.

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Redistribution

Products from the community are stored, counted, and later distributed back to the people.

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Market Exchange

The price of the deliverables and services governed by supply and demand

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Banks

A financial institution that receives deposits from the public and generates credit.

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Corporation

A legal unit distinct from its owners, with rights to contracts, loans, hiring, assets and more.

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Cooperatives

Jointly owned enterprises engaging in the production or distribution of goods or services, usually operated by farmers or consumers.

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Trade Unions

Workforces who have come together to attain mutual goals.

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AFP

Arm Forces of the Philippines

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DILG

Department of the Interior and Local Government

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DepEd

Department of Education in the Philippines

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DPWH

Department of Public Works and Highways

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OWWA

Overseas Workers Welfare Administration

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TESDA

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

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Study Notes

State and Non-State Institutions

  • Institutions are organizations or systems shaping society through governance, services, and regulations.
  • Institutions can be classified as state or non-state.

State Institutions

  • State institutions are established, funded, and regulated by the government.
  • Examples of State Institutions:
    • AFP (Armed Forces of the Philippines)
    • DILG (Department of the Interior and Local Government)
    • DepEd (Department of Education)
    • DPWH (Department of Public Works and Highways)
    • OWWA (Overseas Workers Welfare Administration)
    • TESDA (Technical Education and Skills Development Authority)
  • Executive Branch is an example of a State Institution, with the Office of the President or Prime Minister.
  • Legislative Branch is an example of a State Institution, such as Congress or Parliament.
  • Judicial Branch is an example of a State Institution, like the Supreme Court and lower courts. Law Enforcement Agencies (Police, Military) are State Institutions.

Non-State Institutions

  • Non-state institutions operate independently from the government.
  • They can be privately owned, community-based, or international organizations.
  • They influence society through economic, social, and humanitarian efforts.
  • Examples of Non-State Institutions:
  • Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company
  • Starbucks
  • Shell
  • Private Businesses and Corporations are examples of a Non-State Institution, such as Apple or Toyota
  • Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are examples of a Non-State Institution, such as Red Cross or UNICEF
  • Media Organizations are examples of a Non-State Institution, like BBC or CNN

Political and Leadership Structures

  • Political structure or institution is the organized way power is allocated and decisions are made in society.

Branches of Government

  • The Executive branch includes the President and Vice President, chosen by direct popular vote for a six-year term.
  • The President can appoint a Cabinet, which forms a large part of the government's bureaucracy.
  • The Legislative branch can make, alter, and reverse laws through the Philippine Congress.
  • The Philippine Congress is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives.
  • The Judicial branch resolves disputes concerning legally demandable and enforceable rights.
  • The Judicial branch decides on abuses of judgment by the government and consists of a Supreme Court and lower courts.

Power and Authority

  • Power is the capacity to achieve desired outcomes despite opposition.
  • Power, when utilized, directs the political life of a society, leading to governments demanding compliance.

Types of Authority

  • Traditional Authority: Power is legitimized through respect for long-standing cultural patterns.
  • Rational-Legal Authority: Also known as bureaucratic authority, power is legitimized through legally created rules and regulations.
  • Charismatic Authority: Power is legitimized through extraordinary personal skills that inspire devotion and obedience.

Financial Non-State Intitutions

  • Banks are financial institutions that accept deposits from the public and generate credit.
  • Corporations: Legal units distinct from owners, with rights to enter contracts, loan money, hire employees, own assets, and pay taxes.
  • Cooperatives: Jointly owned enterprises involved in the production/distribution of goods/services, often by farmers/consumers for mutual benefit.
  • Trade Unions (Labor Unions): Workforces uniting to achieve goals like protecting trade integrity, improving safety, and securing better pay/benefits.

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