Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a minor defect?
What is the classification of a defect that leads directly to severe injury?
Quality is inversely proportional to variability.
True
Match the defect classification with its example:
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What does the acronym DMAIC stand for?
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What is one example of a critical defect in clothing production?
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What is the purpose of the DMAIC model?
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Study Notes
Classes of Defects
- Minor Defects: Issues that are small and insignificant, not affecting normal usage.
- Major Defects: More serious issues that can adversely impact function, performance, or appearance.
- Critical Defects: Serious issues leading to severe injury or significant economic loss.
Definition of Quality
- Quality as Conformance: Fulfilling requirements through defect prevention and reduction (Philip B. Crosby).
- Quality as Fitness for Use: The suitability of a product for its intended purpose.
- Quality and Variability: Quality decreases as variability increases.
Dimensions of Quality
- Performance: Ability to meet expectations, e.g., smartphone camera quality.
- Reliability: Consistency of performance over time, e.g., lifespan of a projector bulb.
- Durability: Lifespan of products, e.g., lifetime warranty on a backpack.
- Serviceability: Ease of repair, e.g., number of callbacks required for appliance repair.
- Aesthetics: Visual appeal, e.g., packaging design of food products.
- Features: Added functions, e.g., smartphones with flip capabilities.
- Perceived Quality: User’s perception of quality based on experience.
Examples of Defects in Online Shopping
- Minor: Misspelled “Check Out” button during checkout.
- Major: Incorrect item or variation added to cart.
- Critical: Application crashes upon launch, preventing use.
DMAIC Model
- Define: Identify specific issues or targets, such as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
- Measure: Quantify the current situation, such as the prevalence of HAIs in hospitals.
- Analyze: Investigate root causes contributing to defects or failures.
- Improve: Implement changes to reduce defects and improve quality.
- Control: Monitor improvements to ensure sustained performance.
Example Application of DMAIC
- Addressing HAIs in public hospitals in the Philippines involves defining specific infections, measuring current rates, analyzing causes, implementing improvements, and controlling processes to ensure better outcomes.
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Description
Prepare for your STAT 167 first exam with this comprehensive review of Module 1 focusing on classes of defects. Understand the distinctions between minor and major defects, as well as other quality-related concepts essential for your exam success.
