Star Evolution and Life Cycle

main phase

because they undergo fusion faster, using up available hydrogen nuclei more quickly

it begins to collapse inwards and evolves into a red giant

<p>electron degeneracy pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.44M☉ (Chandrasekhar limit)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a white dwarf</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the outer shells begin to drift off into space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>around 3000K</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it forms a red supergiant and fuses helium into heavier elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The negative sign represents the energy required to be inputted to remove the electron from the atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of coloured lines on a black background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E = hc/λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unique set of discrete energy levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify elements based on the wavelengths of light emitted when atoms in a gas are exited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of dark spectral lines against the background of the continuous spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can diffract light, allowing us to study the spectra of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy released is the difference between the initial energy level of the electron and the final energy level of the photon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because each element has a unique set of discrete energy levels, producing photons with different wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That it would decrease due to a lower gravitational field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That there must be another type of matter that we can't see, called 'Dark Matter'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it doesn't interact with light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravitinos and axions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 x 10^11m, Astronomical Unit (AU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The density of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A light year is the distance light travels in one year, calculated by multiplying the speed of light by the time of one year in seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the universe will continue expanding for all of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are 60 arcminutes in one degree, and 3600 arcseconds in one degree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Parsec is defined as the distance at which a radius of 1 AU subtends an angle of 1 arcsecond, equivalent to 3.1x10^16m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the universe will stop expanding, contract, and collapse on itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the universe will reach a fixed size and stop expanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stellar parallax is the apparent shift in position of an object against a backdrop of distant objects, limited to distances of up to 100pc due to the small angles involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formula is d = 1/p, where d is the distance in parsecs and p is the parallax angle in arcseconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What will happen in our universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 AU is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun, used as a standard unit of measurement in astronomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Almost all light from distant galaxies is red shifted, showing that the galaxies are moving away from Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A light year is a unit of distance used to express the vast distances to stars and other galaxies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time is given by d/v, which is equal to 1/H0, with the Hubble constant measured in seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smaller the angle, the greater the distance from the observer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The origins and development of the early universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hubble's Law showing the universe is expanding, and microwave background radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High energy gamma photons that were stretched into the microwave region as the universe expanded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no experimental evidence – we can’t recreate the initial conditions of the Big Bang.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows that the galaxies are moving away from Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fabric of space and time is expanding, and any point in the universe is moving away from any other point.</p> Signup and view all the answers