Questions and Answers
List the letters used to classify stars in order from hottest to coolest.
O B A F G K M
What classification of star has the hottest temperature?
O
What classification of star has the smallest size?
M
List the star classification that fits the colors: Blue/Violet, Blue, Blue/White, White, Yellow, Orange, Red.
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What classification of star is our sun?
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If you put all the stars in the universe side by side, would the sun have the largest absolute magnitude?
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What is the name of the star at night that has the highest apparent magnitude?
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Fill in the blanks that label the X-Axis and Y-Axis of the H-R Diagram.
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Name the six regions of the H-R Diagram.
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If a star has a high temperature but a low luminosity, in what region of the H-R Diagram would you find it?
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If a star has a low temperature but a very high luminosity, in what region of the H-R Diagram would you find it?
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In what region of the H-R Diagram would you find our sun?
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In what region of the H-R Diagram would you find dead stars?
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Where are stars born?
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What do you call a forming star?
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What changes a forming star into a star?
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Stars live most of their lives in what part of the H-R Diagram?
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What does a star become when hydrogen fusion stops in the core but the star has not yet died?
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What do you call the cloud of gas that is formed from a star that has lost its outer layers?
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What do you call the violent explosion that occurs when some stars die?
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What do stars that have solar masses of 2 or less become when they die?
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What do stars that have solar masses of 8 or more become when they die?
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What do stars that have 2 to 8 solar masses become when they die?
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What will our sun become when it dies?
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Our sun will become a Red Giant before it dies.
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Our sun will end its life in a huge Supernova explosion.
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What classification of star has the longest life (using a letter from question 1)?
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What is the heaviest element formed in very large stars?
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The sun is a sphere of gas that is so hot it is on fire.
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List the following stars in order from closest to farthest using parallax.
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What event in a star's life creates heavy elements lower than iron on the periodic table?
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What layer of the sun is the part we see most often?
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What is the constant flow of material from the sun's surface into the solar system called?
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If the sun had a lot of sunspots this year, how long would it be until the sun had a lot of sunspots again?
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What type of dead star has a density similar to the nucleus of an atom?
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What object can bend the fabric of space-time so much that light gets trapped?
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Study Notes
Star Classification
- Stars are classified using a letter system: O B A F G K M, with O being the hottest and M being the coolest.
- The hottest temperature is associated with O-type stars.
- M-type stars are the smallest in size.
Star Color Classification
- Blue/Violet stars are classified as O.
- Blue stars are classified as B.
- Blue/White stars are classified as A.
- White stars are classified as F.
- Yellow stars are classified as G.
- Orange stars are classified as K.
- Red stars are classified as M.
Our Sun
- The Sun is classified as a G-type star.
- It does not have the largest absolute magnitude when compared to all stars in the universe.
H-R Diagram
- Apparent Magnitude refers to the perceived brightness of stars as seen from Earth; Sirius has the highest apparent magnitude at night.
- The X-Axis of the H-R Diagram represents temperature, while the Y-Axis represents luminosity.
- The H-R Diagram comprises six regions: Main Sequence, Blue Supergiant, Red Supergiant, Red Giant, Red Dwarf, and White Dwarf.
- Stars with high temperatures but low luminosity are found in the White Dwarf region.
- Low temperature and very high luminosity stars are located in the Red Giant/Supergiant region.
Stellar Life Cycle
- Stars are born in a Stellar Nebula and become Protostars during formation.
- Changes to a star into a fully-fledged star are driven by Nuclear Fusion.
- Most stars spend the majority of their lives in the Main Sequence region of the H-R Diagram.
- Upon cessation of hydrogen fusion in their core, stars transform into Red Giants.
- Stars that shed their outer layers form a Planetary Nebula.
- Stars that explode at the end of their life cycle undergo a Supernova.
- Stars with solar masses of 2 or less become White Dwarfs after death, while those with 8 or more solar masses can become Black Holes.
- Stars with between 2 to 8 solar masses typically become Neutron Stars.
- The Sun is expected to become a White Dwarf after it goes through the Red Giant phase.
Star Lifespans
- M-type stars have the longest lifespans compared to other classifications.
- The heaviest element formed in very large stars is Iron.
Sun Characteristics
- The Sun is primarily a gas sphere and does not burn like fire.
- The closest to farthest star order based on parallax is C (Longest), B (Medium), A (Small), D (Smallest).
- Heavy elements below Iron are produced during a Supernova event.
- The Photosphere is the visible layer of the Sun.
- Solar Wind refers to the constant flow of material from the sun's surface into the solar system.
- Sunspots follow an 11-year cycle of high activity.
Types of Dead Stars
- Neutron Stars possess density similar to that of atomic nuclei.
- Black Holes have the capability to bend the fabric of space-time, trapping light.
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of stars based on their temperature and color, using the O B A F G K M system. It also explores the characteristics of our Sun as a G-type star and the H-R Diagram's significance in representing star luminosity and temperature. Test your knowledge on stellar classification and the features of the H-R Diagram.
