Ancient China

A common currency allowed for easier trade throughout the expansive Chinese empire, simplifying transactions and boosting economic activity.

The Shang dynasty, known for its bronze work and writing system, also developed a complex social structure and a sophisticated government.

The Gobi Desert, a vast and unforgiving expanse, acted as a natural barrier, isolating China from northern nomadic tribes.

According to the Mandate of Heaven, a ruler's right to rule derived from divine favor, which could be revoked if the ruler became unjust or immoral.

Daoism emphasizes living in harmony with the natural order of the universe, seeking balance and simplicity, and avoiding excessive ambition and conflict.

The Silk Road, a network of trade routes, enabled the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between China and other civilizations, including Buddhism from India.

Filial piety is a key Confucian value emphasizing respect and obedience to elders and ancestors, forming the foundation of social order and family harmony.

Legalism advocated for a strong, centralized government with strict laws and harsh punishments to maintain order and control, believing that human nature is inherently selfish and needs strong regulation.