Standardization Organizations in Tech
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)?

  • To develop application software for the Internet
  • To oversee Internet naming and addressing (correct)
  • To provide services for network applications
  • To create new Internet protocols

    • Which protocol is specifically designed to enable email transfer over the Internet?

  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • Post Office Protocol (POP3)
  • Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) (correct)

    • Which application layer protocol is used for retrieving mail from a server?

  • Post Office Protocol, version 3 (POP3) (correct)
  • Network File System (NFS)
  • Domain Name System (DNS)
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

    • What type of connection does the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) utilize for data transfer?

    <p>Separate TCP connections for control and data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is responsible for developing standards relevant to networking?

    <p>International Organization for Standardization (ISO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

    <p>To translate domain names into IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols operates over UDP for file transfers?

    <p>Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the Network File System (NFS) provide?

    <p>Mounting remote drives for local access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is best known for standardizing LAN technologies?

    <p>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the TIA/EIA 568 – B Series relate to?

    <p>Guidelines for network cable installation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization focuses on standards for satellite and fiber optics?

    <p>Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)?

    <p>Standardizing internetworking technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which American Standard is known for code information interchange?

    <p>American Standard for Code Information Interchange (ASCII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym IEEE stand for?

    <p>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is primarily involved in writing ANSI standards and legislation for computer industries?

    <p>Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)?

    <p>To oversee the activities of the IETF and manage standard updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Sliding Window Mechanism in TCP?

    <p>To control the data transmission rate based on acknowledgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'FIN' signal indicate in a TCP connection?

    <p>The sender is ready to finish the communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding TCP Shutdown?

    <p>It ensures that all transmitted data is acknowledged before disconnection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do SYN and ACK flags in TCP stand for?

    <p>Synchronize and Acknowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to receive an acknowledgment from the receiver in TCP?

    <p>To ensure reliable and ordered data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes TCP from UDP?

    <p>TCP guarantees the order of packet delivery while UDP does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?

    <p>Packets called datagrams are sent independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of port numbers used by TCP and UDP?

    <p>0 to 65,535</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which port number is typically reserved for the File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?

    <p>21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes port numbers from 0 to 1023?

    <p>They are reserved for well-known services and system services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TCP uses which methods to ensure reliable data delivery?

    <p>Error-detection and error-correction mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of transport protocols like TCP and UDP?

    <p>To deliver information from one port to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does UDP handle the delivery of packets compared to TCP?

    <p>UDP does not guarantee delivery or order of packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)?

    <p>To monitor and control management information exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of SNMP has local knowledge of management information?

    <p>Agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Virtual Terminal (VTY) session in Telnet?

    <p>To establish remote login functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HTTPS enhance HTTP?

    <p>By using a security protocol for encryption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?

    <p>TCP establishes a connection while UDP transmits without connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of rlogin?

    <p>It allows users to interact with remote UNIX machines as if they were local.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the role of managed devices in the SNMP model?

    <p>They collect and store management information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)?

    <p>To authenticate and encrypt data at the socket level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Standardization Organizations

    • IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is responsible for standardizing LAN technologies like Ethernet (802.3), token-ring (802.5), and Wireless LAN's (802.11).
    • ANSI (American National Standards Institute) develops standards for electronics, industry, and other fields including chemical and nuclear engineering, health and safety, and construction. This organization is known for published standards such as ASCII (American Standard for Code Information Interchange) and SCSI (Small Computer System Interface).
    • EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) is a trade organization that writes ANSI standards and legislation for the growth of computer and electronic industries.
    • TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) focuses on standards for information technology, wireless, satellite, fiber optics, and telephone equipment. The best known TIA/EIA standards are the guidelines for network cable installation in commercial buildings, known as the “TIA/EIA 568 – B Series”.
    • IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is responsible for the overall development of the Internet and the standardization of internetworking technologies.
      • ISOC (Internet Society) oversees the overall development of the Internet.
      • IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) oversees IETF activities and manages the process for introducing or updating Internet standards.
      • IAB (Internet Architecture Board) serves as a technology advisory group for the Internet Society and is responsible for the development of protocols and architecture associated with the Internet.
      • IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) oversees Internet naming and addressing, managing all “unique parameters” on the Internet including IP addresses.
    • ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an international standards organization responsible for a wide range of standards, including many relevant to networking.

    Application Layer Protocols

    • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol that specifies the reliable and efficient transfer of electronic mail service over the internet.
    • POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3) is a TCP/IP protocol designed to allow a workstation to retrieve mail held by a server.
    • TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simple alternative to FTP that uses UDP to transfer files between systems.
    • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol that enables the sharing of data and programs between hosts over a TCP/IP network. It uses TCP for control information and creates a separate TCP connection for data transfer.
    • NFS (Network File System) is a TCP/IP protocol that enables computers to mount drives on remote hosts and operate them as if they were local drives.
    • DNS (Domain Name System) is a TCP/IP protocol used on the Internet for translating domain names and their associated network nodes into IP addresses.
    • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol that monitors and controls the exchange of management information between networks and network components. It enables network administrators to manage configurations, collect statistics, monitor network performance, and manage security. The SNMP model includes three components:
      • Managed Devices - these collect and store management information and make it available to NMSs using SNMP.
      • Agents - these have local knowledge of management information and translate it into a form compatible with SNMP.
      • NMSs (Network Management Systems) execute applications that monitor and control managed devices. These provide the majority of processing and memory resources required for network management.
    • Telnet is a TCP/IP protocol that uses TCP to establish a connection between a server and client.
      • Daemon is special software that acts as a remote host.
      • VTY (Virtual Terminal) sessions or connections are created using Telnet.
    • Rlogin is a UNIX command that allows authorized users to log in to other UNIX machines (hosts) on a network. Once logged in, users can perform actions permitted by the host.
    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application-level protocol service and Internet standard for exchanging information on the World Wide Web and internal networks.
    • HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer) is a secure message-oriented communications protocol designed for use with HTTP.
      • SSL (Secure Socket Layer) is a security protocol that operates at the socket level, sitting between the TCP layer and the application layer to encrypt and decrypt data and authenticate entities.

    TCP and UDP Connections

    • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented, reliable transport protocol that provides reliable data delivery, duplicate data suppression, congestion control, and flow control. Many application protocols depend on it.
      • Transport protocols deliver information from one port to another, enabling communication between application programs.
      • TCP ensures reliability by employing error-detection and error-correction mechanisms.
    • UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless, unreliable transport protocol that provides a best-effort service.
      • UDP sends independent packets of data (datagrams) from one computer to another without any guarantees about arrival.

    Port Numbers

    • IP Addresses are 32-bit addresses that identify computers on a network.
    • Port Numbers are 16-bit numbers that TCP and UDP use to deliver data to specific applications.
    • Port numbers range from 0 to 65,535.
    • Well-known ports are numbers from 0 to 1023 that are reserved for well-known services like HTTP and FTP and other system services.

    TCP Connection Establishment

    • SYN - Synchronize
    • ACK - Acknowledge
    • FIN - Finish

    TCP Features

    • Sequence Number and Acknowledgment Number fields help ensure reliable and ordered data transmission.
    • Window Sliding Mechanism controls the data transmission rate by requiring the sender to receive an acknowledgment from the receiver after transmitting a certain amount of data.
    • TCP Shutdown (Four-way Handshake) disconnects the TCP connection and releases resources when data transmission is complete.

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    03_Handout_1(28).pdf

    Description

    Explore the key standardization organizations such as IEEE, ANSI, EIA, and TIA. This quiz covers their roles and contributions to LAN technologies and industry standards. Test your knowledge on Ethernet, wireless LAN, and important standards like ASCII.

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