Questions and Answers
What is the total duration of all sorties?
2:30
What is the duration of the Solo Check?
0:30
Which profiles have a duration of 0:45?
Open full ______ at the Unstick phase.
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The RPM should be reduced to 5000 during the 300' step.
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Inverted flight, spinning, and aerobatics are permitted on the Zen Air CH-701 STOL aircraft.
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What is the maximum gross weight of the Zen Air CH-701 STOL aircraft?
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What should be done with loose equipment before starting the engine?
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The recommended engine RPM during take-off is ______.
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It is acceptable to operate the aircraft in rain or moist weather conditions.
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What type of engine does the Zen Air CH-701 STOL use?
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Which of these conditions are necessary before carrying out a ground run?
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What is the purpose of periodic varnishing of the propeller?
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Match the following items with their correct safety considerations:
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What is the minimum oil pressure for the engine operation below 3500 RPM?
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It is mandatory to follow the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in both letter and spirit.
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What is the purpose of countering yaw during landing?
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What happens when the angle of attack is increased beyond the critical angle during flight?
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The glide ratio of Zen Air is _____ : 1.
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Stalls only happen at high speeds.
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What must be executed to recover from a stall?
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During a stall recovery with a wing drop, which action should NOT be taken?
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Match the following actions to their corresponding scenarios.
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What is the maximum speed with flaps lowered during stall recovery exercises?
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What are the key points in the forced landing pattern at different altitudes?
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Ensure speed is _____ mph during the approach and touchdown phase.
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What is a key advantage when executing a forced landing?
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Study Notes
Standard Operating Procedures Overview
- SOPs standardize operating and flying procedures for Zen Air CH-701 microlight aircraft.
- Emphasis on using standard terminology across all operations.
- Tailored for novice pilots, maintaining a focus on Flight Safety considerations.
- Specific instructions from higher authorities supersede SOPs for safety enhancement.
Flight and Maintenance Safety Considerations
- Inverted flight, spinning, and aerobatics are strictly prohibited.
- Operations limited to daylight under VFR (Visual Flight Rules).
- Secure loose equipment before engine start to minimize injury risk.
- Do not run the engine with propeller turning unless in a run-up area.
- Engine service and maintenance must be performed by authorized personnel using recommended tools and materials.
- Avoid operations in strong winds or moist conditions to protect components, particularly the wooden propeller.
Technical Details of Zen Air CH-701 STOL Aircraft
- Dimensions: Length 20 ft, Height 11 ft, Wing Span 27 ft, Empty Weight 209 Kg (460 lb).
- Performance Limits: Never exceed speed (VNE) is 110 mph, take-off speed is 40 mph, and service ceiling is 14,000 feet.
- Engine: Rotax 912 A, 80 BHP, four-stroke engine with a dry sump lubrication system.
Engine Performance Parameters
- Recommended Operating RPMs: Take-off at 5500 RPM for max 5 minutes, 5300 RPM continuous.
- Oil pressure should be between 29 to 73 PSI above 3500 RPM for normal operation.
- Oil and coolant temperatures, fuel pressure, and other parameters must remain within specified limits for safe operation.
Standard Ground Handling Procedures
- Aircraft must be parked on level, hard ground with the nose facing into the wind and doors secured.
- Aircraft should be stored in hangars with proper clearance and protection.
- Towing requires careful consideration of ground clearance and airspace around the aircraft.
- Fueling procedures require protective measures to avoid spills and contamination.
Pre-Flight and Internal Checklists
- Before external checks, ensure master, battery, and ignition are off, and the ignition key is secured.
- External checks should cover fuel caps, coolant levels, hoses for leaks, and secure engine mountings.
- Internal checks include confirming seat belts are fastened, checking instrument conditions, and ensuring fuel sufficiency for the sortie.
Start-Up Procedures
- Cold start protocol includes fuel cock open, choke on, and throttle to idle with clearance from ground crew before ignition.
- Warm-up involves gradually increasing RPM to eliminate vibrations and ensuring engine temperatures are within the green sector.
- Ignition checks must confirm that RPM drops are within acceptable limits during checks of both magnetos.
Taxiing and Takeoff Procedures
- Pre-taxi checks ensure oil pressure, temperature, and CHT are in green sectors, doors closed, and clearance obtained.
- Reduce throttle to idle during taxiing, monitor conditions, and maintain suitable speeds.
- Vital actions before takeoff include confirming fuel, flaps, and instruments are set correctly, ensuring harnesses are secure, and doors are locked before initiating flight.
Emergency Procedures
- Specific emergency protocols must also be referenced and followed to ensure passenger and aircraft safety in unexpected situations.
- Situational awareness, strong leadership, and effective communication are critical in emergency situations.
Amendment and Record Keeping
- Amendments to SOPs must be logged with the authority and date, ensuring continual updates and adherence.
- Regular review and adaptation of operating procedures based on experience and input from senior operators are encouraged to maintain safety standards.### Pre-Take-Off Checks
- Confirm full and free movement of controls (except rudder) in both directions without noise.
- Conduct pre-takeoff brief outlining control responsibilities and engine failure procedures.
- If under 200 feet, plan for a straight-ahead landing; if above, select a field to land using gentle turns.
Line-Up Checks
- Ensure throttle is idle and brakes are engaged to prevent movement.
- Magnetic compass must align with runway heading.
- Confirm oil temperature, pressure, and Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) are within the green sector.
- Maintain stick slightly aft of neutral and into the wind.
- The take-off path should be clear of birds and other aircraft.
Checks After Take-Off (at 300' AGL)
- Apply brakes to stop wheels and reduce RPM to 5000.
- Ensure speed is 60 mph and confirm oil temperature, pressure, and CHT remain in the green sector.
- For prolonged climbs, check oil metrics and fuel every 500 feet.
Stall Preparation and Execution
- Execute internal checks at sufficient height (2500 ft AGL for dual, 3000 ft AGL for solo).
- Ensure airframe is clean, harness is secured, and doors are locked.
- Complete external checks in a turn, avoiding populated areas and maintaining visual reference points.
Recovery from Stall
- After recovering from a stall, check oil metrics and ensure flaps are up before giving the 'Operations normal' call.
- Maintain standard recovery procedures, minimizing height loss.
Downwind Vital Actions
- On downwind leg, monitor speed (60-70 mph), brake condition, and engine metrics.
- Ensure sufficient fuel is available and flap configuration is appropriate prior to descending.
Final Approach
- Maintain an approach speed of 60 mph and adjust RPM accordingly (not below 3000).
- Begin turn onto final approach at correct alignment and reduce RPM close to the landing threshold.
Touchdown Procedure
- Flare by gently raising the nose to reduce the rate of descent.
- Ensure a firm three-wheel touchdown before closing the throttle and applying brakes progressively.
Slow Speed Handling
- Zen air can sustain level flight at low speeds (25-30 mph), requiring a high nose-up attitude.
- Range of speeds requires adjustment of pitch to maintain control without stalling.
Stall Characteristics and Recovery Techniques
- A stall occurs when the Angle of Attack exceeds critical limits, characterized by nose-drop and loss of altitude.
- Recovery requires easing the stick forward, applying power smoothly, and maintaining the correct attitude to regain lift.
Forced Landing Procedure
- In case of engine failure, aim to perform a controlled landing into the wind, using any suitable area available.
- Zen Air has a glide ratio of 7.8:1; anticipate 450 feet height loss per kilometer in straight flight, and 250 feet loss for 90-degree turns.### Forced Landing Procedure
- Use a descending box pattern to approach the landing site.
- Displacement of the threshold is set at one-third of the runway length for safety.
- Key points in the pattern are High Key (3500 ft AGL), Mid Key (2500 ft AGL), and Low Key (1500 ft AGL).
- The forced landing pattern differs from a normal circuit approach with closer lateral displacement.
- Pilots must plan descent profiles to intercept key points based on height and distance from the runway.
Immediate & Initial Actions
- Increase height and speed, reduce speed to 45 mph, check flaps (UP), throttle to idle, and trim the aircraft.
- Identify an emergency and check position and height before selecting a forced landing field.
- Make a radio transmission call to communicate the situation.
Planning & Execution
- Calculate expected height loss and adjust to intercept the appropriate key point.
- Utilize the second pilot for planning and field selection if available.
- Attempt engine relight until reaching the Low Key position; after that, do not attempt a restart.
- Use flaps and S-turns to manage altitude and plan for corners if height is low.
- Maintain a straight approach of 500 feet during finals with speed set at 60 mph.
Approach & Touchdown
- Initiate flare earlier due to a higher rate of descent with the engine off.
- Ensure proper alignment and control of drift during flare and touchdown.
- After touchdown, lower the nose gently and use rudders for direction control.
- Upon stopping, make a radio call, perform switch-off procedures, and await assistance.
Emergency Procedures
- Engine Fire (Ground, Before Start): Continue cranking, shut off fuel cock, open throttle, and use fire extinguisher if needed. Evacuate the cockpit, moving upwind.
- Engine Fire (Ground, Running): Shut off fuel cock, open throttle, use fire extinguisher, and follow evacuation procedure.
- Engine Fire (In Air): Shut off fuel cock, turn off ignition and electricals, carry out a forced landing.
- Brake Failure (Taxiing): Check throttle, pump brake pedals, turn ignition off, control direction, and stop the aircraft before following shutdown procedures.
Engine Restart & Fire in Cockpit
- Follow restart procedures post fuel starvation involving choke operation and starting the engine.
- For cockpit fire, turn off electrical switches and use a fire extinguisher, then make a precautionary landing.
Propeller Failure
- Signs include over-speeding or high vibrations; respond by closing throttle, turning off ignition and fuel, and preparing for a forced landing.
- Note that a missing propeller results in lower drag and descent rate compared to wind-milling conditions.
Instrument and Electrical Checks
- Check battery, master switches, and ignition are off before examining coolant, oil, and fuel levels.
- Inspect aircraft structure including nose wheel, control surfaces, and braking systems for integrity, signs of wear, or damage.
DGNCC Syllabus Overview
- Air Experience to Advanced Training: Range of sorties from air experience to emergency procedures, involving dual and solo flights totaling 7 hours.
- Conversion Syllabus for ZEN AIR 701: Emphasis on maneuvers, stall awareness, force landing practice, and progressive skill development across several sorties with durations varying from 30 to 60 minutes.
Continuity & Currency Training
- Pilots must achieve a minimum of two hours of flight monthly to maintain currency.
- Dual flying checks are required after breaks in flying, particularly if over two months, with specified training profiles for requalification.
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Description
This quiz covers the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for operating Zen Air CH-701 microlight aircraft within the NCC. It standardizes the essential flying and operational protocols specific to this aircraft model. Test your knowledge on these critical procedures.
