oxido nitroso 1
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Questions and Answers

During which stage of general anesthesia is there a diminished intellect, memory, integrative functions, and perception of time and space?

  • Stage III: Surgical Anesthesia
  • Stage IV: Respiratory Paralysis
  • Stage II: Delirium
  • Stage I: Analgesia (correct)

    • What are the physical properties of oxygen as mentioned in the text?

  • Nonirritating, Odorless, Colorless, Non-flammable (correct)
  • Nonirritating, Smelly, Yellow, Non-flammable
  • Irritating, No smell, Clear, Flammable
  • Irritating, Smelly, Blue, Flammable

    • What is the color code for nitrous oxide cylinders as per the text?

  • Red
  • Yellow
  • Blue (correct)
  • Green

    • At what pressure is a full nitrous oxide cylinder expected to be at 70 degrees?

    <p>750 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas converts to liquid form at 28ºC and 50 atmosphere pressure as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Nitrous Oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main characteristics of the stage of delirium during general anesthesia?

    <p>Confusion and Agitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pressure gauge when using Nitrous Oxide?

    <p>May not decrease until levels are down to 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the plasma solubility of Nitrous Oxide compare to Oxygen and Nitrogen?

    <p>Nitrous Oxide is 35 times more potent than Nitrogen and 100 times more potent than Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MAC refer to in the context of Nitrous Oxide?

    <p>The concentration that prevents movement in 50% of subjects in response to a standard surgical incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the blood-gas solubility coefficient of Nitrous Oxide at 37°C?

    <p>0.47</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the exchange of gases in the alveoli occur?

    <p>Based on diffusion controlled by partial pressures of gases on either side of the alveolar membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are small quantities of Nitrous Oxide needed to reach the required blood concentrations?

    <p>As it is relatively insoluble and requires minimal amounts for adequate blood levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what is the primary mechanism by which Nitrous Oxide is eliminated from the body at the end of a procedure?

    <p>It diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled through the respiratory tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force for the movement of Nitrous Oxide from the alveoli into the capillaries?

    <p>The higher partial pressure of N2O in the alveoli compared to the capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what happens to the rate of diffusion of Nitrous Oxide into the cardiovascular system as the blood becomes saturated?

    <p>It decreases due to the reduced concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the administration of Nitrous Oxide, what is the initial concentration of N2O in the capillaries?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering 100% oxygen to the patient at the termination of the procedure?

    <p>To facilitate the diffusion of Nitrous Oxide back into the alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Nitrous Oxide have on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Causes a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding Nitrous Oxide's effect on the central nervous system?

    <p>Mild depression of all sensations occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is N2O/O2 sedation contraindicated?

    <p>For patients who recently underwent pneumoencephalography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Nitrous Oxide affect the renal system according to the text?

    <p>Has no clinically significant effects on the renal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does Nitrous Oxide have on the cutaneous blood vessels?

    <p>Induces flushing and perspiration through vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation be avoided for patients with pneumothorax or cystic fibrosis?

    <p>It leads to bronchoconstriction and worsens respiratory symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for postponing nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation for patients experiencing acute sinusitis or upper respiratory tract infections?

    <p>It may cause increased pressure in the nasal sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is medical consultation advised for patients with any type of COPD before nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation?

    <p>To prevent exacerbation of COPD symptoms during sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation be postponed for patients with a significant bowel obstruction?

    <p>It could result in abdominal distension and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nitrous oxide not metabolized in the liver and does not affect liver function?

    <p>It does not undergo chemical breakdown in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current recommendation regarding endocrine system conditions and nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation?

    <p>There are no specific endocrine system conditions that require consultation or postponement of sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a contraindication for nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation during pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires medical consultation or postponement of nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation?

    <p>Patients receiving bleomycin sulfate therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of long-term exposure to high concentrations of nitrous oxide?

    <p>Bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding nitrous oxide's effects on the reproductive system is correct?

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin's metabolism is affected by nitrous oxide, potentially leading to neuropathy?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding nitrous oxide's effects on the neuromuscular system?

    <p>Its effects are due to relief of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which patient condition is N2O/O2 sedation contraindicated according to the information provided?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should practitioners do if the level of understanding is not present in a patient or they are unable to determine its presence?

    <p>Avoid using N2O/O2 sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of patients should obtain medical advice before the administration of N2O/O2 sedation?

    <p>Patients with known vitamin B12 deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what concentration does N2O provide analgesia equivalent to 10-15 mg of morphine?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal concentration range for N2O/O2 sedation according to the information provided?

    <p>30-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a contraindication for N2O/O2 sedation as per the text?

    <p>Presenting with a phobia that interferes with care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of combining other inhalation agents with N2O-O2 during general anesthesia?

    <p>Decreased concentration of the other agents required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does diffusion hypoxia occur at the termination of sedation with N2O-O2?

    <p>Rapid uptake of N2O displacing oxygen in the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of N2O-O2 sedation in terms of administration compared to other methods?

    <p>rapid onset of effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage associated with chronic exposure to high concentrations of nitrous oxide?

    <p>Potential health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for considering N2O-O2 sedation as a 'PRACTICE BUILDER'?

    <p>Excellent patient acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nitrous oxide contraindicated for patients with impaired consciousness?

    <p>It can lead to higher levels of sedation and deeper anesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant reason for avoiding nitrous oxide sedation in patients with respiratory depression?

    <p>It can worsen the respiratory depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario should patients with a history of adverse reactions to nitrous oxide avoid its sedation?

    <p>Nausea, vomiting, or seizures after previous use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nitrous oxide use debated during pregnancy, specifically in obstructed labor?

    <p>There is a potential for fetal hypoxia during obstructed labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does nitrous oxide have on the need for medication per day during procedures?

    <p>Decreases the need by providing rapid acting relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nitrous oxide interact with patients who have a history of chronic alcohol abuse or liver dysfunction?

    <p>It can worsen hepatic toxicity and should be used with caution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using nitrous oxide sedation?

    <p>Reducing anxiety and fear in patients undergoing medical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nitrous oxide sedation advantageous compared to traditional forms of anesthesia?

    <p>It induces less respiratory depression and has a quicker recovery time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about nitrous oxide sedation is true?

    <p>It improves pain control by enhancing local anesthetics and muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for nitrous oxide sedation according to the information provided?

    <p>Dental phobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nitrous oxide sedation affect the recovery time compared to other anesthetic methods?

    <p>It has a quicker recovery time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which nitrous oxide is eliminated from the body at the end of a procedure?

    <p>Exhaled through the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a relative contraindication for the use of Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation?

    <p>a and d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for the use of Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation?

    <p>b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should nitrous oxide sedation be avoided for patients with pernicious anemia or B12 deficiency?

    <p>It can exacerbate the patient's condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation contraindicated during cancer therapy using bleomycin sulfate?

    <p>It may increase the risk of pulmonary complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is N2O/O2 sedation contraindicated?

    <p>Patient in shock with serious head/facial injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant reason for avoiding nitrous oxide sedation in patients with COPD?

    <p>It can exacerbate their respiratory condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety system is associated with the portable gas delivery system mentioned in the text?

    <p>Pin Index safety system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the reservoir bag in the portable/central gas delivery system?

    <p>Provides more gas if needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for infection control regarding N20-02 equipment?

    <p>Follow manufacturer recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which apparatus used in dentistry must possess scavenging capability?

    <p>Nasal Hood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum fail-safe mechanism associated with the central gas supply system flowmeter?

    <p>Minimum oxygen delivery fail-safe mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of a breathing apparatus nasal hood used in dentistry?

    <p>Disposable hoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary safety consideration in nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

    <p>Prevention of hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which safety mechanism prevents the accidental attachment of an N2O hose to an O2 portal in N2O-O2 equipment?

    <p>Pin index safety system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum percentage of N2O delivered in a nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation setup?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system ensures that a patient receives at least 9% more oxygen than found in ambient air during nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

    <p>Percentage gas delivery mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that limits the amount of nitrous oxide that can be administered during nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

    <p>Minimum 30% oxygen requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are safety features crucial in nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

    <p>To ensure minimal oxygen flow and prevent hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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