oxido nitroso 1
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Questions and Answers

During which stage of general anesthesia is there a diminished intellect, memory, integrative functions, and perception of time and space?

  • Stage III: Surgical Anesthesia
  • Stage IV: Respiratory Paralysis
  • Stage II: Delirium
  • Stage I: Analgesia (correct)

What are the physical properties of oxygen as mentioned in the text?

  • Nonirritating, Odorless, Colorless, Non-flammable (correct)
  • Nonirritating, Smelly, Yellow, Non-flammable
  • Irritating, No smell, Clear, Flammable
  • Irritating, Smelly, Blue, Flammable

What is the color code for nitrous oxide cylinders as per the text?

  • Red
  • Yellow
  • Blue (correct)
  • Green

At what pressure is a full nitrous oxide cylinder expected to be at 70 degrees?

<p>750 psi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas converts to liquid form at 28ºC and 50 atmosphere pressure as mentioned in the text?

<p>Nitrous Oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of the stage of delirium during general anesthesia?

<p>Confusion and Agitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pressure gauge when using Nitrous Oxide?

<p>May not decrease until levels are down to 20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the plasma solubility of Nitrous Oxide compare to Oxygen and Nitrogen?

<p>Nitrous Oxide is 35 times more potent than Nitrogen and 100 times more potent than Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MAC refer to in the context of Nitrous Oxide?

<p>The concentration that prevents movement in 50% of subjects in response to a standard surgical incision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood-gas solubility coefficient of Nitrous Oxide at 37°C?

<p>0.47 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the exchange of gases in the alveoli occur?

<p>Based on diffusion controlled by partial pressures of gases on either side of the alveolar membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are small quantities of Nitrous Oxide needed to reach the required blood concentrations?

<p>As it is relatively insoluble and requires minimal amounts for adequate blood levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is the primary mechanism by which Nitrous Oxide is eliminated from the body at the end of a procedure?

<p>It diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled through the respiratory tract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force for the movement of Nitrous Oxide from the alveoli into the capillaries?

<p>The higher partial pressure of N2O in the alveoli compared to the capillaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what happens to the rate of diffusion of Nitrous Oxide into the cardiovascular system as the blood becomes saturated?

<p>It decreases due to the reduced concentration gradient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the administration of Nitrous Oxide, what is the initial concentration of N2O in the capillaries?

<p>Zero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for administering 100% oxygen to the patient at the termination of the procedure?

<p>To facilitate the diffusion of Nitrous Oxide back into the alveoli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does Nitrous Oxide have on the cardiovascular system?

<p>Causes a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Nitrous Oxide's effect on the central nervous system?

<p>Mild depression of all sensations occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is N2O/O2 sedation contraindicated?

<p>For patients who recently underwent pneumoencephalography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Nitrous Oxide affect the renal system according to the text?

<p>Has no clinically significant effects on the renal system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does Nitrous Oxide have on the cutaneous blood vessels?

<p>Induces flushing and perspiration through vasodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation be avoided for patients with pneumothorax or cystic fibrosis?

<p>It leads to bronchoconstriction and worsens respiratory symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for postponing nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation for patients experiencing acute sinusitis or upper respiratory tract infections?

<p>It may cause increased pressure in the nasal sinuses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is medical consultation advised for patients with any type of COPD before nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation?

<p>To prevent exacerbation of COPD symptoms during sedation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation be postponed for patients with a significant bowel obstruction?

<p>It could result in abdominal distension and pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is nitrous oxide not metabolized in the liver and does not affect liver function?

<p>It does not undergo chemical breakdown in the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current recommendation regarding endocrine system conditions and nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation?

<p>There are no specific endocrine system conditions that require consultation or postponement of sedation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation during pregnancy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires medical consultation or postponement of nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation?

<p>Patients receiving bleomycin sulfate therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of long-term exposure to high concentrations of nitrous oxide?

<p>Bone marrow suppression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding nitrous oxide's effects on the reproductive system is correct?

<p>Both A and C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin's metabolism is affected by nitrous oxide, potentially leading to neuropathy?

<p>Vitamin B12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding nitrous oxide's effects on the neuromuscular system?

<p>Its effects are due to relief of anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which patient condition is N2O/O2 sedation contraindicated according to the information provided?

<p>all of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should practitioners do if the level of understanding is not present in a patient or they are unable to determine its presence?

<p>Avoid using N2O/O2 sedation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of patients should obtain medical advice before the administration of N2O/O2 sedation?

<p>Patients with known vitamin B12 deficiencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what concentration does N2O provide analgesia equivalent to 10-15 mg of morphine?

<p>20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal concentration range for N2O/O2 sedation according to the information provided?

<p>30-40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a contraindication for N2O/O2 sedation as per the text?

<p>Presenting with a phobia that interferes with care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of combining other inhalation agents with N2O-O2 during general anesthesia?

<p>Decreased concentration of the other agents required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diffusion hypoxia occur at the termination of sedation with N2O-O2?

<p>Rapid uptake of N2O displacing oxygen in the alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of N2O-O2 sedation in terms of administration compared to other methods?

<p>rapid onset of effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common disadvantage associated with chronic exposure to high concentrations of nitrous oxide?

<p>Potential health effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering N2O-O2 sedation as a 'PRACTICE BUILDER'?

<p>Excellent patient acceptance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is nitrous oxide contraindicated for patients with impaired consciousness?

<p>It can lead to higher levels of sedation and deeper anesthesia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for avoiding nitrous oxide sedation in patients with respiratory depression?

<p>It can worsen the respiratory depression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario should patients with a history of adverse reactions to nitrous oxide avoid its sedation?

<p>Nausea, vomiting, or seizures after previous use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is nitrous oxide use debated during pregnancy, specifically in obstructed labor?

<p>There is a potential for fetal hypoxia during obstructed labor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does nitrous oxide have on the need for medication per day during procedures?

<p>Decreases the need by providing rapid acting relief. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does nitrous oxide interact with patients who have a history of chronic alcohol abuse or liver dysfunction?

<p>It can worsen hepatic toxicity and should be used with caution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using nitrous oxide sedation?

<p>Reducing anxiety and fear in patients undergoing medical procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is nitrous oxide sedation advantageous compared to traditional forms of anesthesia?

<p>It induces less respiratory depression and has a quicker recovery time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about nitrous oxide sedation is true?

<p>It improves pain control by enhancing local anesthetics and muscle relaxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for nitrous oxide sedation according to the information provided?

<p>Dental phobia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does nitrous oxide sedation affect the recovery time compared to other anesthetic methods?

<p>It has a quicker recovery time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which nitrous oxide is eliminated from the body at the end of a procedure?

<p>Exhaled through the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a relative contraindication for the use of Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation?

<p>a and d (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for the use of Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation?

<p>b and c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should nitrous oxide sedation be avoided for patients with pernicious anemia or B12 deficiency?

<p>It can exacerbate the patient's condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation contraindicated during cancer therapy using bleomycin sulfate?

<p>It may increase the risk of pulmonary complications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is N2O/O2 sedation contraindicated?

<p>Patient in shock with serious head/facial injuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for avoiding nitrous oxide sedation in patients with COPD?

<p>It can exacerbate their respiratory condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What safety system is associated with the portable gas delivery system mentioned in the text?

<p>Pin Index safety system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the reservoir bag in the portable/central gas delivery system?

<p>Provides more gas if needed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for infection control regarding N20-02 equipment?

<p>Follow manufacturer recommendations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which apparatus used in dentistry must possess scavenging capability?

<p>Nasal Hood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum fail-safe mechanism associated with the central gas supply system flowmeter?

<p>Minimum oxygen delivery fail-safe mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of a breathing apparatus nasal hood used in dentistry?

<p>Disposable hoods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary safety consideration in nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

<p>Prevention of hypoxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which safety mechanism prevents the accidental attachment of an N2O hose to an O2 portal in N2O-O2 equipment?

<p>Pin index safety system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum percentage of N2O delivered in a nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation setup?

<p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system ensures that a patient receives at least 9% more oxygen than found in ambient air during nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

<p>Percentage gas delivery mechanism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that limits the amount of nitrous oxide that can be administered during nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

<p>Minimum 30% oxygen requirement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are safety features crucial in nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation?

<p>To ensure minimal oxygen flow and prevent hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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