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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of fire in ecology?
What is the primary function of fire in ecology?
- To reset succession (correct)
- To prevent colonization
- To maintain community structure
- To promote biodiversity
In terms of oxidation, how does fire differ from rusting and decomposition?
In terms of oxidation, how does fire differ from rusting and decomposition?
- Fire reactions are exothermic (correct)
- Fire reactions are slower
- Rusting and decomposition release more heat
- Rusting and decomposition involve combustion
When did the idea of fire ecology become a recognized field of study?
When did the idea of fire ecology become a recognized field of study?
- 1935
- 1962 (correct)
- 1866
- Recently
How does the removal of fire act as a disturbance in an ecosystem?
How does the removal of fire act as a disturbance in an ecosystem?
Which type of bonds contain less potential energy and therefore release less energy during combustion?
Which type of bonds contain less potential energy and therefore release less energy during combustion?
What process involves the thermal degradation of fuel into smaller components that eventually burn?
What process involves the thermal degradation of fuel into smaller components that eventually burn?
During which phase of combustion is heat absorbed?
During which phase of combustion is heat absorbed?
Which phase marks the transition to combustion in the process described?
Which phase marks the transition to combustion in the process described?
What is the main characteristic of smoldering combustion?
What is the main characteristic of smoldering combustion?
Which type of combustion does not have enough heat to maintain the combustion process?
Which type of combustion does not have enough heat to maintain the combustion process?
What differentiates flaming combustion from smoldering combustion?
What differentiates flaming combustion from smoldering combustion?
What causes the flame to appear when the wind blows during combustion?
What causes the flame to appear when the wind blows during combustion?
What type of heat transfer is described as occurring below a flame?
What type of heat transfer is described as occurring below a flame?
What is the first stage of wood combustion discussed in the text?
What is the first stage of wood combustion discussed in the text?
Which component of wood is highlighted as affecting the combustion process in the text?
Which component of wood is highlighted as affecting the combustion process in the text?
What process occurs after char combustion in wood combustion stages?
What process occurs after char combustion in wood combustion stages?
What happens if the percentage of O2 in the atmosphere is less than 16%?
What happens if the percentage of O2 in the atmosphere is less than 16%?
Which phase of combustion is responsible for drying the material before breakdown begins?
Which phase of combustion is responsible for drying the material before breakdown begins?
What is the main source of heat to continue combustion during the process?
What is the main source of heat to continue combustion during the process?
What type of material is the only one that creates flames during combustion?
What type of material is the only one that creates flames during combustion?
Which type of bonds contain less potential energy and therefore release less energy during combustion?
Which type of bonds contain less potential energy and therefore release less energy during combustion?
What is the term for taking a liquid and bringing it to a gas stage in the combustion process?
What is the term for taking a liquid and bringing it to a gas stage in the combustion process?
Which phase of combustion involves the transition to combustion and is considered an exothermic stage?
Which phase of combustion involves the transition to combustion and is considered an exothermic stage?
What is the main source of energy release from combustion according to the text?
What is the main source of energy release from combustion according to the text?
What differentiates the combustion process known as 'glowing' from 'smoldering'?
What differentiates the combustion process known as 'glowing' from 'smoldering'?
Why did some parts of the material not burn completely?
Why did some parts of the material not burn completely?
What causes the presence of flames during combustion when the wind blows?
What causes the presence of flames during combustion when the wind blows?
In the context of the text, what is the primary role of oxygen in combustion?
In the context of the text, what is the primary role of oxygen in combustion?
What stage of wood combustion involves the transition to flaming after pre-heating?
What stage of wood combustion involves the transition to flaming after pre-heating?
Which heat transfer method involves the transfer of heat via fluids and air, pushing heat to the next shrub during a fire?
Which heat transfer method involves the transfer of heat via fluids and air, pushing heat to the next shrub during a fire?
In terms of combustion complexity, what specific characteristic of wood influences the combustion stages and products?
In terms of combustion complexity, what specific characteristic of wood influences the combustion stages and products?
During wood combustion, what marks the stage when low temperatures lead to dehydration and pre-heating in the material?
During wood combustion, what marks the stage when low temperatures lead to dehydration and pre-heating in the material?
What is the main role of oxygen in combustion according to the text?
What is the main role of oxygen in combustion according to the text?
Which component is highlighted as the source of heat to continue combustion according to the text?
Which component is highlighted as the source of heat to continue combustion according to the text?
What is the primary function of heat in combustion as described in the text?
What is the primary function of heat in combustion as described in the text?
What is the critical impact of increasing the percentage of O2 in the atmosphere on combustion, as mentioned in the text?
What is the critical impact of increasing the percentage of O2 in the atmosphere on combustion, as mentioned in the text?
Which type of bond contains less potential energy and therefore releases less energy during combustion, according to the text?
Which type of bond contains less potential energy and therefore releases less energy during combustion, according to the text?
What is the main reason why more O2 in a reaction leads to more heat produced during combustion?
What is the main reason why more O2 in a reaction leads to more heat produced during combustion?
During which phase of combustion does the thermal degradation of fuel into smaller components occur?
During which phase of combustion does the thermal degradation of fuel into smaller components occur?
What process involves taking a liquid and converting it into a gas stage during combustion?
What process involves taking a liquid and converting it into a gas stage during combustion?
What distinguishes smoldering combustion from flaming combustion?
What distinguishes smoldering combustion from flaming combustion?
Why might live vegetation be less likely to burn compared to dead vegetation?
Why might live vegetation be less likely to burn compared to dead vegetation?
Why does wind play a role in reigniting combustion in the observed scenario?
Why does wind play a role in reigniting combustion in the observed scenario?
What is the key characteristic that differentiates glowing combustion from smoldering combustion?
What is the key characteristic that differentiates glowing combustion from smoldering combustion?
In wood combustion stages, what occurs after the material goes through pyrolysis?
In wood combustion stages, what occurs after the material goes through pyrolysis?
Which heat transfer method involves the movement of heat through contact and is highlighted as occurring below a flame?
Which heat transfer method involves the movement of heat through contact and is highlighted as occurring below a flame?
What contributes to the slowing down of flames at the edge during a fire as mentioned in the text?
What contributes to the slowing down of flames at the edge during a fire as mentioned in the text?
Which part of the combustion process is influenced by the specific heats of different materials according to the text?
Which part of the combustion process is influenced by the specific heats of different materials according to the text?
What precaution should you take when carrying tools, as mentioned in the text?
What precaution should you take when carrying tools, as mentioned in the text?
What is the significance of the Pulaski tool in the context of wildland fire?
What is the significance of the Pulaski tool in the context of wildland fire?
Why is it important to inspect tools regularly for damage?
Why is it important to inspect tools regularly for damage?
What is the primary purpose of using hand tools by wildland firefighters according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of using hand tools by wildland firefighters according to the text?
Why do wildland firefighters wear PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) as mentioned in the text?
Why do wildland firefighters wear PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) as mentioned in the text?
How do preferred hand tools differ regionally for wildland firefighters?
How do preferred hand tools differ regionally for wildland firefighters?
What distinguishes the fire shovel from a regular shovel, according to the text?
What distinguishes the fire shovel from a regular shovel, according to the text?
Why should one be cautious when handling a rogue hoe, based on the text?
Why should one be cautious when handling a rogue hoe, based on the text?
Which tool mentioned in the text is primarily designed for smothering flames?
Which tool mentioned in the text is primarily designed for smothering flames?
What is a key safety consideration highlighted in the text when carrying a fire shovel?
What is a key safety consideration highlighted in the text when carrying a fire shovel?
What tool is specifically noted for being a combination of a hoe on one side and a pick on the other side?
What tool is specifically noted for being a combination of a hoe on one side and a pick on the other side?
Which tool is described as having a giant sharp blade on one side and a rake on the other side?
Which tool is described as having a giant sharp blade on one side and a rake on the other side?
What tool is named after the council tool company and known for its tooth-like sharp blades?
What tool is named after the council tool company and known for its tooth-like sharp blades?
Which tool is specifically noted as not being fire-specific and made of plastic or wood?
Which tool is specifically noted as not being fire-specific and made of plastic or wood?
Which equipment is described as a cheap and easy way to have great control over lighting fires?
Which equipment is described as a cheap and easy way to have great control over lighting fires?
What piece of equipment features two main types: Panama and standard, with the Panama type having a longer wand for flinging fire further?
What piece of equipment features two main types: Panama and standard, with the Panama type having a longer wand for flinging fire further?
What is the primary difference between primary and secondary succession in ecology?
What is the primary difference between primary and secondary succession in ecology?
Which component is NOT necessary for combustion based on the 'fire triangle' concept?
Which component is NOT necessary for combustion based on the 'fire triangle' concept?
When considering the characteristics of combustion, how does it differ from rusting and decomposition?
When considering the characteristics of combustion, how does it differ from rusting and decomposition?
What is the primary source of energy release during combustion?
What is the primary source of energy release during combustion?
Which phase of combustion involves the thermal degradation of the fuel into gasses, tar, and char?
Which phase of combustion involves the thermal degradation of the fuel into gasses, tar, and char?
In the context of fire spread and growth, which part moves fastest in the direction of the wind?
In the context of fire spread and growth, which part moves fastest in the direction of the wind?
What method of heat transfer involves the movement of heat through contact and is highlighted as occurring below a flame?
What method of heat transfer involves the movement of heat through contact and is highlighted as occurring below a flame?
What is the term used to describe the process of change in an ecosystem after a disturbance, as mentioned in the text?
What is the term used to describe the process of change in an ecosystem after a disturbance, as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following components is NOT a necessary part of the 'fire triangle' concept for combustion, as discussed in the text?
Which of the following components is NOT a necessary part of the 'fire triangle' concept for combustion, as discussed in the text?
When was the first time fire and ecology were combined in a course, as credited to E.V. Komarek in the text?
When was the first time fire and ecology were combined in a course, as credited to E.V. Komarek in the text?
During which phase of combustion does the thermal degradation of the fuel result in the production of gases, tar, and char?
During which phase of combustion does the thermal degradation of the fuel result in the production of gases, tar, and char?
Which stage of wood combustion is characterized by low temperatures leading to dehydration and pre-heating in the material?
Which stage of wood combustion is characterized by low temperatures leading to dehydration and pre-heating in the material?
What is the main source of heat transfer that involves movement through contact and is highlighted as occurring below a flame during combustion?
What is the main source of heat transfer that involves movement through contact and is highlighted as occurring below a flame during combustion?
What part of a fire represents the fastest spreading direction when influenced by wind?
What part of a fire represents the fastest spreading direction when influenced by wind?
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Study Notes
Fire Ecology
- The primary function of fire in ecology is to act as a natural disturbance that shapes ecosystems.
Combustion Process
- Fire differs from rusting and decomposition in terms of oxidation, as it involves a rapid oxidation process.
- The removal of fire can act as a disturbance in an ecosystem.
- Weak bonds, such as those found in wood, contain less potential energy and therefore release less energy during combustion.
- The process of pyrolysis involves the thermal degradation of fuel into smaller components that eventually burn.
- Heat is absorbed during the pyrolysis phase of combustion.
- The smoldering phase marks the transition to combustion.
- Smoldering combustion is characterized by a slow, low-temperature release of energy.
- Flaming combustion does not have enough heat to maintain the combustion process.
- Flaming combustion is differentiated from smoldering combustion by the presence of a flame.
- The flame appears when the wind blows during combustion due to the increased oxygen supply.
- Conduction is the type of heat transfer that occurs below a flame.
- The first stage of wood combustion involves drying and pre-heating of the material.
Wood Combustion
- The cellulose component of wood affects the combustion process.
- After char combustion, the material undergoes combustion in the presence of oxygen.
- If the percentage of O2 in the atmosphere is less than 16%, combustion is not possible.
- The pre-heating phase of combustion is responsible for drying the material before breakdown begins.
- The main source of heat to continue combustion is the exothermic reaction of combustion.
- Only certain materials, such as wood, create flames during combustion.
Fire Characteristics
- The primary role of oxygen in combustion is to provide the necessary oxidizer for the reaction.
- Convection is the type of heat transfer that involves the transfer of heat via fluids and air, pushing heat to the next shrub during a fire.
- The complexity of wood combustion is influenced by the specific characteristics of wood.
- The stage of wood combustion involving the transition to flaming after pre-heating is characterized by high temperatures.
Firefighting Tools
- The Pulaski tool is a significant tool in wildland fire management.
- Hand tools are used by wildland firefighters for various tasks, such as digging and extinguishing fires.
- Wildland firefighters wear PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for safety reasons.
- The primary purpose of using hand tools is to control and extinguish fires.
- The fire shovel is a tool specifically designed for smothering flames.
Fire Spread and Growth
- The primary source of energy release during combustion is the exothermic reaction of combustion.
- The direction of the wind affects the spread and growth of fires.
- Conduction is the method of heat transfer that involves the movement of heat through contact and is highlighted as occurring below a flame.
- The term used to describe the process of change in an ecosystem after a disturbance is succession.
- The primary difference between primary and secondary succession is the presence of a disturbance.
Fire History
- The idea of fire ecology became a recognized field of study in the mid-20th century.
- E.V. Komarek is credited with combining fire and ecology in a course for the first time in 1962.
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