Stages and Methods of Economic Integration

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Questions and Answers

What concept was introduced by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992?

EU Citizenship (correct)

Economic Activities Regulation

Free movement of workers

Cross-Border Business Rights

How does Grzelczyk 2001 define EU citizenship?

It is equivalent to national citizenship.

It is a fundamental status of nationals of Member States. (correct)

It is a temporary status for workers.

It offers limited rights compared to national citizenship.

In the context of Freedom of Movement, what does the term 'Interstate Element' refer to?

Movement of goods between Member States.

The involvement of nationals of a Member State in another Member State. (correct)

The rights of non-EU citizens within the EU.

The economic collaboration between Member States.

According to Rottmann, what must be considered when removing citizenship?

It should not render an individual stateless. Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Ruiz Zambrano case?

It established that parents at risk of deportation can be protected due to their EU citizen children. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the free movement of workers within the EU?

Some form of economic activity to be engaged. Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance is economic activity not required for EU citizenship?

When citizenship rights are invoked. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of EU citizenship as stated in EU law?

It provides a superior status to national citizenship. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a customs union?

Application of a common external tariff on imported goods. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of a common market?

Free movement of goods and services. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Home Country Model entail in economic integration?

The rules of the country where a product is produced are applicable. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of establishing the Common Market in 1957?

To create economic independence to cement peace. Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the TFEU defines the internal market concept?

Article 26 TFEU. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT included in the freedoms of the internal market?

Freedom of ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the Single European Act (1987) introduce in single market legislation?

Unanimity replaced by qualified majority voting. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Economic and Monetary Union signify in economic integration stages?

Unification of both common and monetary policy. Signup and view all the answers

What requires express derogations for directly discriminatory measures?

Public health Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in determining if a restriction is proportional?

It should achieve the aim set forth. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of public interest justification?

Safeguarding financial markets Signup and view all the answers

What does the Services Directive primarily address?

Establishment and services Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas is included under the services covered by the directive?

Construction Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 51 refer to in the context of justifications for discrimination?

Public service exception Signup and view all the answers

Which case exemplifies the balancing of fundamental rights against EU law freedoms?

Viking and Laval Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main pillars of the Services Directive?

Administrative simplification Signup and view all the answers

What is one requirement for authorisation schemes under the establishment provisions?

They must be non-discriminatory. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight requirements prohibited by Article 14?

Public Health Regulations Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 15 categorize as ‘suspect’?

Requirements based on CJEU’s establishment case law. Signup and view all the answers

What was the major shift in policy regarding capital movements due to the Maastricht Treaty?

All restrictions on capital movements were abolished. Signup and view all the answers

What major legislative framework aims to assist individuals practicing in other Member States?

Directive 2013/55 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for company law mentioned?

Employment security Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of eliminating restrictions on capital movements?

To facilitate free capital flow between member states and third countries. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared by all express derogations outlined in Article 17?

They relate to public interest concerns. Signup and view all the answers

What are the serious grounds for deportation after a resident has lived in a country for more than 5 years?

Only serious grounds of public policy apply. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor considered when determining deportation for residents between 3 months and 5 years?

Extent of links with the country of origin. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, on what basis must restrictions on free movement be justified?

Proportionality and human rights considerations. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a valid justification of national action that breaches EU Law?

Evidence of urgent public policy needs. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of public health, what must deportation decisions consider for residents present for up to 3 months?

World Health Organization decisions on epidemic potential. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the checklist for determining the application of EU Law?

Is there an appeal process in place? Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for a resident of less than 3 months to be deported?

Public policy, security, or public health reasons. Signup and view all the answers

What is one recognized rule for protecting service recipients?

Protection of intellectual property. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

European Union Citizenship

Treaty of Maastricht (1992): Introduced the concept of EU citizenship.
Grzelczyk 2001: Defines EU citizenship as a status conferring on every person holding the nationality of a Member State, rights and obligations within the legal order of the Union.
"Interstate Element" (Freedom of Movement): The connection between a restriction and the movement of a person (or good/service) between Member States.
Rottmann: When removing citizenship, Member States must consider the individual's links with the Member State and the consequences of losing citizenship.
Ruiz Zambrano: The case established that EU citizens have the right to reside in another Member State if this is necessary for them to exercise their right to free movement.
Free Movement of Workers: Requires freedom of movement between Member States for workers, including the right to seek employment and live in another Member State.
Economic Activity Not Required for EU Citizenship: The right to reside is not dependent on economic activity once a person is a citizen of a Member State.
Primary Implication of EU Citizenship (EU Law): It gives EU citizens the right to move and reside in other Member States.

Internal Market

Customs Union: A form of economic integration that eliminates tariffs and other trade barriers between member countries and adopts a common external tariff.
Common Market: Features include free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor.
Home Country Model (Economic Integration): Allows for the free movement of goods and services without obstacles, and the country of origin is responsible for the initial regulation.
Establishment of the Common Market (1957): Primary goal was to create a single market for goods and services, leading to increased trade and prosperity.
Internal Market Concept (TFEU): Defined in Article 26 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Freedoms NOT Included in the Internal Market: Includes areas such as taxation, environmental protection, and consumer protection.
Single European Act (1987): Introduced measures like the "mutual recognition" principle, which allows goods to be sold in other Member States if they meet the technical requirements of the country of origin.
Economic and Monetary Union: Signifies a high level of economic integration, characterized by a single currency and a coordinated monetary policy.

Discrimination and Justification

Express Derogations for Directly Discriminatory Measures: Are specifically allowed by EU law and require justification based on public policy, public security, or public health.
Proportionality: A restriction must be necessary to achieve a legitimate objective and proportionate to the aim pursued.
Public Interest Justification: May include protection of public health, public security, or public policy.

Services Directive

Services Directive: Addresses restrictions on the provision of services across borders and aims to create a single market for services.
Services Covered by the Directive: Includes areas like healthcare, transportation, education, and financial services.
Article 51 (Justifications for Discrimination): Allows for certain limitations on freedom of movement based on public policy, public security, public health, or the protection of the fundamental rights of others.
Balancing of Fundamental Rights Against EU Law Freedoms: The case Viking Line ABP v. International Transport Workers' Federation demonstrates the balancing of fundamental rights with EU law freedoms.
Main Pillars of the Services Directive: Include simplification of administrative procedures, the principle of country of origin, and the right to establish and provide services in another Member State.
Authorisation Schemes (Establishment Provisions): These must be transparent, proportionate, and non-discriminatory.
Prohibited Requirements (Article 14): Include requirements that are based on nationality, residence requirements, and the use of national language without justification.
Article 15: "Suspect" Requirements: Include restrictions on access to the market, requirements for administrative authorization, and requirements for financial guarantees.
Capital Movements (Maastricht Treaty): A major shift in policy, moving from restrictions to free movement of capital across borders.
Legislative Framework (Assisting Individuals Practicing in Other Member States): Aimed at facilitating the recognition of professional qualifications within the EU.
Company Law Requirements: These include the requirement for a registered office, a legal representative, and the principle of mutual recognition of company forms.
Objective of Eliminating Restrictions on Capital Movements: To encourage investment and trade between Member States.
Characteristic of Express Derogations (Article 17): They need a clear justification based on public policy, public security, or public health.
Serious Grounds for Deportation (Residency of More than 5 Years): Include a serious threat to public security, a significant and current threat to public order, or a serious offense against the country's penal law.
Deportation (Residents Between 3 Months and 5 Years): Factors considered include the gravity of the offense, the length of stay in the country, and the threat posed by the individual to public security or public policy.
Justification for Restrictions (Free Movement): Restrictions on free movement must be justified based on public policy, public security, or public health grounds.
Valid Justification of National Action (Breaching EU Law): Justification must be clear, precise, and based on a legitimate objective, with the appropriate level of proportionality.
Public Health (Deportation Decisions – Residents Up to 3 Months): Decisions must consider the gravity of the threat posed and must be proportionate to the public health objective pursued.
Application of EU Law: Factors considered include the objectives of the relevant EU law, the degree of implementation of EU law in the Member State, and the content of the national law in question.
Deportation (Less Than 3 Months): Can occur if the resident poses a serious current threat to public policy, public security, or public health.
Protecting Service Recipients: One rule involves providing clear and easily accessible information about the service provider, including their professional qualifications, their identity, and their contact details.

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Description

This quiz explores the various stages of economic integration including Free Trade Areas, Customs Unions, Common Markets, and Economic Unions. Additionally, it examines methods of integration such as Host Country, Harmonized, and Home Country models. Test your knowledge on the development of internal markets and their implications.