STAGE 1 Biology - Key Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate representation of results from investigations?

  • Drawing graphs
  • Writing lengthy paragraphs (correct)
  • Using SI units
  • Constructing labelled tables

    • Significant figures are irrelevant when representing scientific results.

    False

    What is the primary purpose of using diagrams in investigations?

    To explain concepts and illustrate relationships visually

    To represent results accurately, it is essential to use appropriate _____ units.

    <p>SI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following representations with their purposes:

    <p>Tables = Organizing data for comparison Graphs = Visualizing relationships between variables Equations = Describing mathematical relationships Diagrams = Simplifying complex concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the types of microorganisms mentioned?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacterial populations grow linearly under ideal conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of microorganisms includes bacteria, fungi, and protists?

    <p>Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Different bacteria require specific conditions for __________.

    <p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Microorganisms = Small living organisms that can only be seen under a microscope Exponential growth = Rapid multiplication of bacterial populations under optimal conditions Specific conditions = Particular environmental factors needed for certain bacteria to thrive Scientific communication = Sharing scientific information using appropriate language and conventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of an organism's niche within an ecosystem?

    <p>Habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keystone species have a minor role in maintaining ecosystem balance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain one way human activity impacts ecosystems.

    <p>Destruction of habitats leads to loss of biodiversity and faster ecosystem changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic diversity is crucial for a species' survival in a changing environment because it allows for greater ______ to adapt.

    <p>variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its description:

    <p>Niche = Role of an organism in its ecosystem Keystone Species = Species critical for maintaining ecosystem structure Genetic Diversity = Variety of genes within a species Biodiversity = Variety of life forms in an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of antibiotics?

    <p>To kill pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogens must enter cells solely for the purpose of replication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an antigen?

    <p>A substance that induces an immune response, typically found on pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some pathogens bind to __________ receptors to gain entry into host cells.

    <p>cellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for controlling disease spread?

    <p>Encouraging pathogen entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-antigens are recognized by the immune system as foreign.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of the immune system when a pathogen enters the host.

    <p>The immune system responds by identifying and attacking the pathogen, causing physical or chemical changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biodiversity include?

    <p>Genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internationally agreed systems of nomenclature help avoid confusion in naming species.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship indicated by biological classification?

    <p>The relationship between organisms based on their physical structures and shared molecular sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The higher the __________ of an ecosystem, the more stable it is.

    <p>biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of biological classification is the broadest?

    <p>Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one advantage of an internationally agreed system of nomenclature.

    <p>It provides a standardized way to identify and classify species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Species with similar scientific names are not necessarily closely related.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the human immune system's defense mechanisms?

    <p>Chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The innate immune response is specific to particular pathogens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of physical barriers in the immune system?

    <p>To prevent the entry of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adaptive immune response requires exposure to an __________ for immunity.

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the immune system components with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical barriers = First line of defense against pathogens Innate immune response = Non-specific response to pathogens Adaptive immune response = Specific response to antigens Passive immunity = Immunity acquired through antibodies from another organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the innate immune response?

    <p>Histamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most organisms, including plants and invertebrates, do not have an innate immune response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two processes through which acquired immunity can be obtained?

    <p>Passive and active processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    STAGE 1 Biology - Key Concepts

    • Design investigations with clear questions and solutions.
    • Critically evaluate proposed investigations.
    • Adapt existing methods and procedures.
    • Research, develop and test methods.
    • Improve existing procedures.
    • Choose an appropriate way to measure the dependent variable.
    • Identify suitable data collection methods and amounts.
    • Evaluate ethical and safety considerations.
    • Represent data using appropriate SI units, clear tables, and graphs (including line graphs, non-linear graphs, and lines of best fit).
    • Use significant figures correctly.
    • Use appropriate representations, e.g., diagrams, equations, and mathematical relationships.
    • Analyse data for trends, patterns, and relationships.
    • Use interpolation/extrapolation where relevant.
    • Support conclusions with evidence and scientific understanding.
    • Evaluate procedures and results, identifying sources of uncertainty (e.g. random errors, systematic errors, replication, sample size, accuracy, reliability, precision, and validity).
    • Control variables effectively.
    • Discuss the influence of uncertainty on experimental results.
    • Recognize limitations of conclusions.
    • Communicate effectively to specific audiences and purposes using correct terminology and conventions.

    Microorganisms and their Importance

    • Microorganisms are living organisms like bacteria, fungi, and protists.
    • Bacteria reproduce exponentially in optimal conditions.
    • Different growth requirements exist for various microorganisms. Factors include temperature, moisture, pH, nutrient availability, and removal of wastes.
    • Microorganisms act as decomposers, recycling essential nutrients.
    • They have roles in the digestive system and oxygen production. Nutrient recycling is also through non-living environments with the breakdown of waste materials.
    • They've been cultured for about 10,000 years for food preservation.
    • Techniques for food preservation include heat/cold, acids, sugars, salt, and water removal to control microbial growth.
    • Microorganisms cause food spoilage, and hygienic practices are vital to prevent this.
    • Infectious diseases differ from non-infectious diseases.
    • Pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) cause infections. They are distinguished by their characteristics and mode of transmission. Transmission includes air, dust, direct contact, faeces and food, animals.
    • Infectious diseases have significant impacts on populations. Factors like pathogen persistence, transmission methods, immunity levels within the population, and population mobility influence disease spread. Disease control involves, amongst other things, controlling carriers, killing pathogens, quarantining carriers, and immune responses.

    Pathogens and the Immune Response

    • Pathogens have adaptations facilitating their entry into cells/tissues.
    • Pathogens may need to enter cells to survive, replicate, and/or avoid the immune response.
    • Antigens are substances that trigger an immune response.
    • The immune system protects the body against disease through physical barriers, innate, and adaptive immune responses.
    • Different responses work together to neutralise or prevent pathogen entry.
    • The innate immune system is a general defence mechanism.
    • The adaptive (acquired) immune responses are targeted to specific antigens.
    • Exposure to an antigen is necessary for acquired immunity (e.g., through natural exposure or vaccination).

    Biodiversity and Ecosystem Interactions

    • Biodiversity includes diversity in genetics, species, and ecosystems.
    • Ecosystem components (biotic and abiotic) interact and exchange energy.
    • Species play specific roles (ecological niches).
    • Keystone species play a crucial role in ecosystem maintenance.
    • Human activities significantly impact ecosystems.
    • Loss of biodiversity in the environment has a significant impact on survival. Genetic diversity is important for species to survive in changing environments.
    • Biological classification is hierarchical, reflecting evolutionary relationships, based on physical structures, and shared molecular sequences. There is an international system of scientific naming, which undergoes revision.
    • Organisms adapt to different environments with diverse adaptations in their behaviours, structures, and physiological attributes.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential key concepts in Stage 1 Biology, focusing on designing and evaluating scientific investigations. It includes techniques for data collection, analysis, and representation, ensuring a thorough understanding of biological processes and methodologies. Test your knowledge on the principles that guide effective scientific inquiry.

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