SSRIs and Their Effects

Selective Serotonin Reuptake

• SSRIs work by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin by the presynaptic neuron
• This increases the amount of serotonin available in the synaptic cleft
• Serotonin then binds to postsynaptic receptors, influencing mood, appetite, sleep, and other functions
• SSRIs do not affect the reuptake of other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine

Side Effects

• Common side effects:
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Sexual dysfunction
• Less common side effects:
  • Weight gain
  • Dry mouth
  • Tremors
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
• Rare but serious side effects:
  • Serotonin syndrome (a potentially life-threatening condition)
  • Increased risk of bleeding
  • Allergic reactions

Interactions

• SSRIs can interact with other medications, including:
  • MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Anti-anxiety medications
  • Pain medications (e.g., tramadol)
  • Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
• SSRIs can also interact with certain foods and substances, such as:
  • Grapefruit juice
  • St. John's Wort
  • Tyramine-containing foods (e.g., cheese, wine)

Antidepressant Effects

• SSRIs are effective in treating:
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• SSRIs work by:
  • Enhancing serotonin's ability to regulate mood
  • Increasing the production of new neurons in the hippocampus
  • Improving sleep quality
  • Reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression

Selective Serotonin Reuptake

• SSRIs inhibit serotonin reuptake by presynaptic neurons, increasing serotonin availability in the synaptic cleft
• This leads to serotonin binding to postsynaptic receptors, regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and other functions

Mechanism of Action

• SSRIs selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake, unlike other neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine
• Increased serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft enhance its ability to regulate mood

Side Effects

• Common side effects:
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Sexual dysfunction
• Less common side effects:
  • Weight gain
  • Dry mouth
  • Tremors
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
• Rare but serious side effects:
  • Serotonin syndrome (a potentially life-threatening condition)
  • Increased risk of bleeding
  • Allergic reactions

Interactions

• SSRIs interact with:
  • MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Anti-anxiety medications
  • Pain medications (e.g., tramadol)
  • Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
  • Grapefruit juice
  • St.John's Wort
  • Tyramine-containing foods (e.g., cheese, wine)

Therapeutic Effects

• SSRIs are effective in treating:
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• SSRIs improve mood regulation by:
  • Enhancing serotonin's ability to regulate mood
  • Increasing the production of new neurons in the hippocampus
  • Improving sleep quality
  • Reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression

Learn about the mechanism of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and their side effects. Understand how they work in the brain and their impacts on mood, appetite, and sleep.