SPS2505 Expectations and Schedule

• Dr. Oliver Barley can be contacted via [email protected] and is located in room 19.393.
• Dr. Barley's Masters research focused on rapid weight loss in MMA.
• His Ph.D. research was on dehydration and neurophysiology.

Expectations - Attendance

• Participation in all labs is compulsory.
• Missing labs may result in a fail incomplete.
• If anticipating an absence, contacting the tutor ASAP is required.
• Failure to follow up on absences may result in failing the unit.
• Arriving early, being prepared, and actively involved are expected.

Expectations - Equipment

• Enclosed shoes
• Printed lab-book
• Pen & Pencil
• Paper
• Calculator
• Familiarity with the equipment
• Maintaining a tidy lab space

SPS2505 Schedule

• Week 1: Introduction
• Week 2: Cardiovascular system at rest
• Week 3: Cardiovascular system - ECG
• Week 4: Cardiovascular response to exercise
• Week 5: Respiratory System – Spirometry
• Week 6: Ventilatory response to submaximal exercise
• Week 7: Blood sampling techniques
• Week 8: Measurement of Maximal Oxygen Uptake
• Week 9: Lab report workshop: data analysis of week 8 lab
• Week 10: Comparison of Lactate & Ventilatory Thresholds
• Week 11: The Wingate test
• Week 12: Practical Test Training
• Week 13: Practical Exam

Lab Assessments

• Labs are worth 50% of the final grade
• Practical Exam will account for 20% of the final grade
• Lab Report will account for 30% of the final grade

Practical Exam

• The practical exam will be held in weeks 12 or 13.

Laboratory Report Details

• The lab report is based on Lab 7's Maximal Oxygen Uptake experiment.
• Consult the unit plan for specific due dates.
• A 5% deduction per day will be applied for late submissions.

Lab Report - Data Collection

• A lab report must be written and be based on data collected in Lab 7.
• Experiments will be done in groups of 4-5.
• Individual lab reports should be submitted.

Lab Report - Topic

• A comparison of VO2max between males and females is required for the lab report topic.
• It must include if VO2max is different between males and females.

Lab Report - Format

• Use the Journal of Sports Sciences guidelines.
• Refer to the lab manual pages 9-12.

Lab Report - Submission

• Check the unit plan for the due date.
• Submit online via Turnitin (Blackboard).

Lab Report – Mark Allocation

• Abstract: 5 marks
• Introduction: 15 marks
• Methods: 15 marks
• Results: 25 marks
• Discussion: 25 marks
• References: 5 marks
• Impression: 10 marks

Lab Report – Abstract

• The abstract has a 250-word limit.
• Include 3-5 keywords.

Lab Report – Introduction

• Provide background literature related to the topic.
• Include rationale for the present study.
• Set up aims and research questions.
• A clear statement of the research question should be located at the end of the introduction.

Lab Report – Methods

• Give detailed information on how the study was conducted.
• Include subjects, equipment (model no), protocol, conditions, etc.
• Enable replication of the study from the methods described.
• Write the methods section in the past tense.

Lab Report – Results

• Present findings in order of importance.
• Use tables and graphs in APA format.
• Reference the lab manual pages 14-19 for guidance.
• Text should include a paragraph explaining results.
• Both tables and graphs should be used to present results.
• Results should not be discussed in this section.

Table Format

• Captions should be placed above the table.
• Use correct units.
• Include mean ± SD.

Figure Format

• Figure captions should be placed below.
• Use correct units.
• Scale should be meaningful.
• Include Mean SD.
• Figures should be in black and white only.

Lab Report – Discussion

• Discuss results in the same order as presented.
• Refer back to previous literature.
• Address if data agrees with others and why.
• Relate discussion back to the aims of the study.
• Answer stated research questions/aims.
• Acknowledge limitations but do not make these the main focus.

Lab Report – References

• Summarise major findings and answer research questions/aims.
• No new findings or references should be introduced.
• Conclusion should be 1/3 of a page.
• Use APA format.
• Include at least 10 peer-reviewed journal articles.
• Books can supplement journal articles.
• Non-peer-reviewed websites are not allowed.
• Wikipedia is not a valid source.

General Presentation

• Proper grammar and writing style need to be used.

Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems

• Responses to exercise should be noted from rest to exercise

Acute Exercise

• Includes heart rate (HR)
• Includes stroke volume (SV)
• Includes cardiac output (Q)
• Includes blood pressure (BP)

Heart Rate (HR)

• HR is the simplest and most informative measure.
• It can be measured via palpation.
• HR is a good indicator of cardiovascular function.
• Resting HR (RHR) typically ranges from 60-80 beats per minute
• Fitness levels and environmental factors affect RHR.
• Resting HR is not equivalent to pre-exercise HR.

Stroke Volume (SV)

• Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one beat.
• SV is equal to end-diastolic volume (EDV) minus end-systolic volume (ESV).
• SV changes during exercise.
• Resting SV (SVrest) is 60-70 ml/beat.
• Maximum SV (SVmax) is 100-130 ml/beat.

Cardiac Output (Q)

• The total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
• Blood moves through the pulmonary and peripheral systems.
• Q is equal to HR multiplied by SV.
• At rest, Q is approximately 5 L/min.
• During maximal exercise, Q is approximately 20-40 L/min.

Polar HR Monitor

• The monitor should be wet with water.
• It should be placed in line with the xyphoid process.
• The HR should be displayed on a watch.
• The band should be washed after each use.

Blood Pressure (BP)

• Blood pressure is measured as systolic blood pressure over diastolic blood pressure.
• The unit of measurement is mmHg.

Pulse Pressure (PP)

• Pulse pressure (PP) is calculated as systolic blood pressure (SBP) minus diastolic blood pressure (DBP), measured in mmHg.

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

• MAP is the average blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle.
• MAP is calculated as (PP/3) + DBP, measured in mmHg.

Korotkoff Sounds

• There are 5 phases of Korotkoff sounds.
• They are characterized by the volume and quality of sound heard during blood pressure measurement.

Blood Pressure Measurement

• Place the cuff 2-3 cm above the antecubital space.
• Align arrows on the cuff over the brachial artery.
• Palpate the artery.
• Have the subject rest for 3-5 min in a supine or seated position.
• Place the stethoscope bell on top of brachial artery at the antecubital fossa.