40 Questions
What happens when the piston moves downward in a piston-type compressor?
Air is drawn through an intake valve
What is the typical tank pressure range for a single stage piston compressor?
100-125 psi
What is an advantage of a two-stage piston compressor over a single stage piston compressor?
More air can be stored in the same size tank
What is a characteristic of rotary screw type compressors compared to piston-type compressors?
Quieter operation
What is the purpose of the second cylinder in a two-stage piston compressor?
To compress air further
How many cylinders are typically used in a single stage - multiple cylinders compressor?
Multiple (more than 2)
What happens to the trapped volume of air in a rotary screw type compressor?
It decreases
What is an advantage of rotary screw type compressors over piston-type compressors?
Quieter operation
What is the primary function of a spray booth in spray finishing?
To provide a clean and controlled environment for spray finishing
What is the typical unit of measurement for air pressure in a compressor?
Pounds per square inch (psi)
What is the primary factor that determines the amount of water vapor that air can hold?
Temperature
What happens to the air in a storage tank when the compressor motor is turned off?
The air remains at the same pressure
What is the primary purpose of a respirator in spray finishing?
To protect the user from inhaling airborne particles
What is the term for the amount of water vapor in the air?
Humidity
What is the primary reason why air compressors and air lines are prone to collecting water?
Changes in air temperature and humidity
What is the term for the rate at which compressed air is delivered?
Delivery rate
What is the purpose of adding a stream of air to a liquid flow?
To break up forced liquid droplets into even finer droplets
What are the three main ways to make liquid flow?
Gravity, Suction, and Pump
What is a limitation of conventional spray guns with a gravity feed?
They can be top heavy when filled with finish
What is the advantage of using a siphon feed conventional spray gun?
They are well suited for spraying thinner materials
What is the function of the fluid needle in a conventional spray gun?
To seal the opening in the fluid tip
What determines the shape of the spray pattern in a conventional spray gun?
The amount of air and orientation of the air cap
Why are the air cap, fluid tip, and fluid needle typically a matched set?
They come in different sizes
What is the disadvantage of using a conventional spray gun with a siphon feed in tight spaces?
It is cumbersome in tight spaces due to the large cup mounted below the gun
What is the primary advantage of the Pressure Pot System?
The lightness of the gun, allowing for use in confined areas
What is the purpose of the two regulators on most Pressure Pot System tanks?
To control the air pressure in the tank and to the gun
What type of materials can be used with the Pressure Pot System?
Both paints and adhesives
What is the significance of the pressure rating of the Pressure Pot System tank?
It should not be exceeded to ensure safe operation
What is the primary difference between HVLP guns and conventional spray guns?
The size of the passageways
How does the HVLP Turbine System generate the required airflow?
With a series of fans
What is the characteristic of the air pressure in the HVLP Turbine System?
High volume and low pressure
What is a limitation of the Pressure Pot System?
It is difficult to clean
What is the primary reason for rotating the air cap 180 degrees to assess a defect?
To identify if the defect is with the air cap or fluid tip / needle
What is the result of moving a gun in a non-parallel manner to the workpiece?
Uneven coverage
What is the primary purpose of a vent hole in a conventional spray gun's cup lid?
To allow air to enter the cup as fluid level drops
What is the primary benefit of using a respirator in a hazardous environment?
To protect against particulate hazards and chemical gases
What is a characteristic of negative pressure respiratory equipment?
It relies on the wearer to pull air through the cartridge or filter
What is the primary difference between positive pressure and negative pressure respiratory equipment?
The direction of airflow
What is an advantage of powered air positive pressure respiratory equipment?
It pushes air to the hood or facepiece, reducing strain on the wearer
What is the primary characteristic of Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)?
It carries a source of clean air with the user in a tank
Study Notes
Spray Finishing and Touch-Ups
- Overview of Spray Finishing: Equipment, materials, and techniques
- Two parts: Theory and Practical
Theory Topics
- Air Compressors
- A supply of clean, dry air is required for many shop equipment
- Type and size of compressor depend on selected spray equipment
Air Compressors
- A device that uses a motor/air pump to force air into a storage tank
- Compressed air is held in the tank until used
- When tank pressure reaches upper pressure limit, the motor shuts off
- When tank pressure drops, the motor turns back on
Compressed Air/Compressor Properties
- Pressure: Typically stated in pounds per square inch (psi)
- Delivery Rate (Flow Rate): Typically stated in cubic feet per minute (CFM) at a specific pressure
- Storage Volume: Typically stated in gallons or liters
Humidity
- Air can hold water vapor (moisture)
- Humidity: The amount of water vapor in the air
- Maximum amount of water vapor depends on the temperature and air pressure of the air
- Condensation occurs when air temperature drops
Compressors and Water
- When air is compressed, pressure increases, and water vapor condenses
- When air is released from the storage tank, air expands, and water temperature drops, forming condensation in air lines
- Compressor tanks and air lines collect water depending on the relative humidity
Types of Air Compressors
- Piston Type
- Creates air pressure through the action of a reciprocating piston
- Single Stage Piston
- Air is drawn from the atmosphere and compressed to final pressure with a single stroke
- Tank pressure typically kept between 100 psi and 125 psi
- Two Stage Piston
- Two cylinders: one large and one small
- Air compressed in two separate steps
- Higher pressure and more air can be stored in the same size tank
- Advantage: More air can be stored; Disadvantage: Cost
- Rotary Screw Type
- Utilizes two intermeshing helical rotors in a twin bore case
- Air is compressed between one convex and one concave rotor
- Trapped volume of air is decreased, and pressure increases
- Quieter, higher CFM, and faster fill/recharge times
Making Liquid Flow
- Gravity
- Suction
- Pressurized Container (e.g., super soaker water gun)
- Pump
Spray Systems
- Types of Spray Systems
- Conventional Spray Guns
- Gravity Feed
- Material is fed from a container above the gun via gravity
- Liquid is atomized with compressed air
- Pros: Well-suited for spraying both thin and thicker materials, relatively quick cleanup
- Cons: Cumbersome in tight spaces, top-heavy, must be held upright
- Siphon (Suction) Feed
- Material is fed from a container below the gun via vacuum or suction
- Liquid is atomized with compressed air
- Pros: Well-suited for spraying thinner materials, relatively quick cleanup
- Cons: Cumbersome in tight spaces, uses more compressed air, small capacity
- Gravity Feed
- Pressure Pot System
- Gun + separate storage container for material
- Liquid is atomized with compressed air
- Pros: Gun is light, can be used in more confined areas, various container sizes
- Cons: Care should be taken not to exceed the recommended pressure rating of the tank, long change over due to amount of cleaning needed
- HVLP Turbine System
- ‘HVLP’ – High Volume Low Pressure
- Pressure is less than 10 psi
- HVLP Gun + Electric Turbine
- Turbine generates the required airflow
- Air travels through a series of fans, each fan stage boosts the air pressure
- HVLP Guns: Have larger passageways, available as siphon feed or gravity feed
- Conventional Spray Guns
Troubleshooting
- Blockage or debris on the fluid tip/needle
- Rotate air cap 180 degrees to assess
- Clean vent hole to resolve pulsating/fluttering issue
Respirators
- Can help protect against particulate hazards and chemical gases
- Selection of respirator type based on the type of hazard and level of exposure
- Respiratory Equipment Types
- Negative Pressure
- Relies on the wearer's lungs to pull air through the cartridge or filter
- Potential to put strain on the wearer
- Tight-fitting, requires fit testing and seal checks before use
- Positive Pressure
- Equipment pushes air to the hood or facepiece
- Powered Air (battery-powered blower) or Supplied Air (bringing in clean air from outside the contaminated area)
- May be loose-fitting or tight-fitting, facial hair compatible
- SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus)
- User carries the source of clean air with them in a tank
- Negative Pressure
Learn about the equipment, materials, and techniques used in spray finishing, including air compressors, spray booths, and types of finishes. This quiz covers both theoretical and practical aspects of spray finishing.
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