Sports Management: Human Resources & Leadership

• Sport organization employment spans various fields, including event management, broadcasting, and coaching
• The growth of sport has driven changes in its consumption, production, and management
• Individuals in sports management need to understand its dynamic nature for effectiveness

Objectives of Human Resource Management

• Discuss and identify the Theories of Human Resource Management
• Discuss and identify the various leadership styles applied in sports management
• Discuss the Management and Leadership Models (Behavioral, Multidimensional, Chaos and Kaizen)
• Discuss and identify the Management Processes (Planning, Organizing, Leading, Implementing, Controlling, Evaluating and Staffing)
• Discuss, identify, and apply Human Resource skills (decision making, problem solving, communication, Managing conflict, time management)
• Discuss and identify sports industry models
  • Sport Industry Segment Model (Pitts)
  • Sport Activity Model (Hofacre).

Management Defined

• A process of working with individuals and groups, utilizing resources to achieve goals
• A process of organizing workflow and employees to meet company goals
• Coordination and administration of tasks to achieve a goal

Theories of Human Resource Management

• Classified into three basic types: scientific management, human relations management, and the process approach

Scientific Management Approach

• Developed by Frederick Taylor in 1911
• Focuses on individual worker performance
• Workers producing more receive greater rewards, advocating payment by units produced or sold

Human Relations Management Approach

• Mayo's research indicated that employees who feel important become more cohesive and productive
• Manager concern leads to job satisfaction, improving performance and productivity

The Process Approach

• Focus is on managing the organization as an entity through various management functions

Leadership Styles in Sports Management

• Defined as an influence relationship that moves organizations toward a shared future based on aligned values and mutual purposes
• Main styles: dictatorial, democratic, and negligent.

Dictatorial Leadership

• Characterized by a dominant and authoritative approach

Democratic Leadership

• Involves athletes in decision-making, promoting collaboration and feedback

Negligent Leadership

• One of the three main leadership styles used in sports management

Autocratic Leadership

• Leader makes decisions and expects obedience, effective for quick action or when the leader is more experienced

Transformational Leadership

• Prioritizes the followers' emotions, motives, and needs

Laissez-faire Leadership

• Involves minimal decision-making, allowing players to use their abilities independently, with intervention upon request

Transactional Leadership

• Also known as managerial leadership, rewards winning and punishes losing

Adaptability of Leadership Styles

• Leadership styles can be adjusted based on the situation to gain trust, lead change, impact performance, and develop athletes

Management and Leadership Models

• Explanations of how people become leaders, focusing on traits and behaviors

Behavioral Leadership Model

• Focuses on leader behaviors, suggesting they can be copied
• Actions are the key predictor of leadership success and are categorized into leadership styles

Multidimensional Leadership Model

• Proposed by P. Chelladurai in 1978
• Athlete performance and satisfaction are influenced by actual, preferred, and perceived leader behavior
• Discrepancies can decrease performance and satisfaction
• Considers factors like the situation, leader attributes, and group member characteristics

Chaos Leadership Model

• Inspired by Chaos Theory, embracing complexity in organizations
• Helps leaders navigate team dynamics, especially useful for new and middle-level managers

Kaizen Leadership Model

• Strategy where employees improve processes, combining talents for continuous improvement
• Involves action plans and a philosophy of engagement
  • As an action plan, involves events focused on improving specific areas within the company
  • Consist of teams of employees at all levels
  • Philosophy: Building a culture where all employees are actively engaged in suggesting and implementing improvements to the company
• Works with Standardized Work to improve current best practices

Management Processes

• Series of steps used to perform business operations: planning, organizing, leading, implementing, controlling, evaluating, and staffing

Planning

• Determining what, when, who, and how much it should cost
• Includes developing strategies to meet stakeholder needs

Organizing

• Grouping people into teams based on skills to work effectively
• Ensuring employees have the right resources

Leading

• Motivating workers to perform better through incentives

Implementing

• Translating strategies into actionable steps to achieve organizational goals

Controlling

• Measuring performance against corporate targets

Evaluating

• Identifying strengths and weaknesses in a manager's performance to provide feedback

Staffing

• Enlisting and recruiting employees for positions within teams and departments

Human Resource Skills

• Competencies employees develop to be effective, including communication, problem-solving, decision-making, and conflict management

Communication Skills

• Including active listening, written, verbal, nonverbal, and public speaking
• Also involve empathy, customer service, collaboration, and cultural knowledge

Problem Solving Skills

• Involve critical thinking, decision-making, creativity, and information processing, using a systematic approach

Decision Making Skills

• Combine habits and thought processes to analyze information, consider perspectives, and explore alternatives

Conflict Management Skills

• Important for addressing disagreements to maintain relationships

Explore human resource management theories and leadership styles in sports. Understand management processes, industry models, and essential skills like decision-making and communication. Learn to navigate the dynamic landscape of sports employment and organizational management.