Spoken vs. Written Language
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Questions and Answers

What primarily distinguishes a dialect from other varieties of language?

  • Its use of formal vocabulary
  • Its historical origin
  • The presence of slang terms
  • Pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary (correct)

Which term describes a variety of language used by a specific socioeconomic class or profession?

  • Dialects
  • Idiolect
  • Ethnolect
  • Sociolect (correct)

Which of the following best defines a pidgin language?

  • A formal language used in academic settings
  • A slang variation within a language
  • A new language that develops for communication between speakers of different languages (correct)
  • A regional dialect with defined grammar rules

In linguistic terms, what is a lexifier?

<p>A language of origin influencing a pidgin's vocabulary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an ethnolect?

<p>A lect spoken by a specific ethnic group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an idiolect?

<p>The individual manner of speaking unique to a person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a stable pidgin compared to a pre-pidgin?

<p>The development of its own grammatical rules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a regional dialect?

<p>The different forms of English spoken in the UK (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary difference between written language and spoken language?

<p>Written language is usually permanent, whereas spoken language is often transient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the complexity of written and spoken language?

<p>Written language tends to be more complex, featuring longer sentences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of interaction, how does written language differ from spoken language?

<p>Spoken language is primarily used for immediate interactions, while written language communicates across time and space. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be considered as an exception where written language is closer to spoken language?

<p>Instant messages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be done in speech that cannot be done in written language?

<p>Change utterances while speaking. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the layout and punctuation in written texts differ from spoken language?

<p>They have no spoken equivalent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typically associated with speech rather than writing?

<p>It is often corrected in real-time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is written language considered more structured than spoken language?

<p>Written language tends to have clearer rules regarding structure and formatting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a creole from a pidgin?

<p>A creole has unique grammatical rules and is unrestricted in use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about registers is true?

<p>Registers can include specialized vocabulary based on the audience. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which examples are typically considered creole languages?

<p>Gullah, Jamaican Creole, and Hawai`i Creole English. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are registers defined in linguistics?

<p>As the variations in language based on social context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of a pidgin language?

<p>It can serve as a mother tongue for a community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might influence the choice of register in communication?

<p>Social occasion, context, purpose, and audience. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the informal name speakers might call their dialect?

<p>Patwa. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor might NOT affect the use of language registers?

<p>The time of day during which communication occurs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tenor' in communication primarily refer to?

<p>The roles individuals take in interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which register is characterized by fixed and static language?

<p>Frozen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situations is formal register commonly used?

<p>Business meetings and court settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'mode' in the context of communication?

<p>The method of communication being used (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the consultative register?

<p>Language for seeking assistance between unequal statuses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the formal register?

<p>A casual tone in dialogue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can influence the tenor of communication?

<p>The age and ethnic background of participants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the mode of communication change as students transition to academic contexts?

<p>It shifts from oral language to dense written language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the language used in an intimate register?

<p>It includes terms of endearment and shared experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes jargon?

<p>Specialized language unique to a particular profession. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of communication register is slangs most likely to be used?

<p>Intimate register. (A), Casual/Informal register. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies academese?

<p>Language used in higher education contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language is legalese primarily characterized by?

<p>Technical and formal language typical in legal contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the language between a lawyer and a client?

<p>The lawyer has greater expertise and knowledge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the language used in the employer/employee dynamic differ from casual conversation?

<p>It contains more technical terminology related to work. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of casual/informal communication?

<p>It focuses heavily on getting information out quickly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of media literacy education?

<p>To develop critical thinking and inquiry skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following definitions best describes media literacy?

<p>The ability to analyze and synthesize messages from all media forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What practice has gained momentum due to digital media and allows journalists to report meaningful news?

<p>Citizen journalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does media literacy education impact participation in a democratic society?

<p>It develops informed and engaged participants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a core principle of media literacy education?

<p>Reinforcing skills for only adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does active inquiry in media literacy entail?

<p>Analyzing different media sources critically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for media literacy education to have interactive and repeated practice?

<p>To ensure skills are not forgotten (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between media and culture?

<p>Media functions as an agent of socialization within culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Writing permanence

Written texts are typically permanent and cannot be easily changed after printing or writing.

Speech transience

Spoken language is generally temporary and can be altered during delivery, unless recorded.

Writing's time and space

Written texts can communicate across vast distances and through time, as long as the language and writing system are understood.

Speech's immediacy

Spoken language is typically used for immediate interactions and communication.

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Written complexity

Written language often uses more complex sentences and intricate structures compared to speech.

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Speech correction

Speakers can correct themselves during a conversation, while written text rarely allows such corrections.

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Written layout

Written text uses formatting and punctuation that do not have direct spoken equivalents.

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Instant message writing

Some forms of written communication, like instant messages or emails, are closer to spoken language and are more informal.

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Dialect

A regional or social variety of a language with differences in pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary.

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Regional Dialect

A variety of a language spoken in a specific geographic area.

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Sociolect

A language variety used by a specific social group (e.g., age, profession).

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Ethnolect

A language variety associated with a particular ethnic group.

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Idiolect

An individual's unique way of speaking.

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Pidgin

A simplified language that emerges when speakers of different languages need to communicate.

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Lexifier

The language that mostly contributed vocabulary to a pidgin.

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Different types of language lects

Regional dialects, sociolects, ethnolects and idiolects.

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Creole

A language that develops from a pidgin when it becomes the first language of a community.

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Register

The way language use changes depending on the situation.

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Social Occasion

A factor affecting the register of a conversation, e.g., a formal dinner vs. a casual meeting.

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Context

The circumstances surrounding communication.

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Purpose

The goal of communication.

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Audience

The people you are communicating with.

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Language Registers

Different levels of formality in language use, ranging from very formal to very informal.

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Frozen Register

Language that is fixed and unchanging, often used in formal ceremonies or traditions.

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Formal Register

Language used in official settings; it is typically standard and precise.

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Consultative Register

Language used for seeking or giving advice, often between superior and subordinate.

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Casual Register

Language used in informal settings or with friends.

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Intimate Register

Extremely informal language used with close partners or family.

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Tenor

The relationship and roles between communicators (e.g., student-teacher), influencing language choices.

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Mode

The communication channel (spoken or written), influencing language features and density.

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What is media?

Media encompasses all types of communication channels, including electronic, digital, print, and artistic visuals.

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What is literacy?

Literacy is the ability to understand and use communication systems, including reading, writing, and decoding symbols.

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What is media literacy?

Media literacy is the ability to analyze, interpret, and create messages using various media forms.

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What is citizen journalism?

Citizen journalism is when regular individuals contribute news and information through online platforms.

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What is media education?

Media education focuses on studying media and engaging in hands-on media production activities.

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What is media literacy education?

Media literacy education teaches skills related to understanding and creating media messages.

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Active inquiry in media literacy

Active inquiry involves critically examining media messages and asking questions about their content and impact.

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Media literacy for democracy

Media literacy education helps develop informed and engaged citizens who contribute to a democratic society.

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Casual/Informal Register

Relaxed language used between friends, often including slang and informal expressions.

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Jargon

Specialized language used by a specific professional or occupational group, often difficult to understand for outsiders.

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Academese

Specialized vocabulary and writing style used in academic writing and higher education institutions.

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Legalese

Formal and technical language used in legal documents, often very difficult to understand for non-lawyers.

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Textese

Informal language used in online communication, like chat rooms, messaging, and social media.

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What are the five main registers of language?

The five main registers of language are: Formal, Casual/Informal, Intimate, Jargon, and Frozen.

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Study Notes

Spoken vs. Written Language

  • Spoken language involves speaking and listening, while written language uses reading and writing skills.

  • Spoken language is older than written language.

  • Spoken language is more informal and simpler than written language.

  • Spoken language is primarily used for immediate interactions between people in the same place.

  • Spoken language can use tone, pitch, volume, etc.

  • Spoken language is temporary, as there are no permanent records.

  • Written language is more formal and complex than spoken language.

  • Written language enables communication across space and time.

  • Written language often uses punctuation, headings, layouts.

  • Written language is permanent, as there are records.

  • Written language is often grammatically correct, with long sentences.

Varieties of English

  • World Englishes (WE) are localized varieties of English used in different areas.
  • Braj Kachru proposed the "Three Concentric Circles of Asian Englishes."
  • Inner Circle: English as a native language (e.g., USA, UK, Australia).
  • Outer Circle: English as a second language (e.g., Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Pakistan).
  • Expanding Circle: English as a foreign language (e.g., China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand).
  • Outer and Expanding Circles are influenced by Inner Circle countries due to colonization.

Language Variety

  • Language variety (lect) is a general term for any distinctive form of a language.
  • Includes dialects, registers, jargon, and idiolects.
  • Standard English is a debated term for educated English usage.
  • Language varieties can develop due to geographical differences (dialects).
  • Social groups may use jargon specific to their group.
  • Individuals develop unique ways of speaking (idiolects).

Dialect

  • A regional or social variety of a language.
  • Characterized by differences in pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary.
  • Often used to describe a way of speaking, distinct from standard.
  • Includes regional dialects and sociolects (social dialects).
  • Ethnolects are dialects spoken by specific ethnic groups (e.g., Ebonics).
  • Idiolects describe the unique language of individuals, encompassing various languages, registers, and styles.

Pidgin

  • A new language developed when speakers of different languages need to communicate without a shared language.
  • Vocabulary comes mainly from one language (lexifier).
  • Early pidgins are restricted and variable, later forms (stable pidgin) develop grammatical rules.
  • Learned as a second language for communication between speakers of different languages.

Creole

  • Formed when children use a pidgin as their first language, becoming a community's mother tongue.
  • Distinctive language with vocabulary from the lexifier, but unique grammar.
  • Not restricted in use and is like other languages, with complete functions.

Register

  • The way a speaker uses language in different circumstances.
  • Stylistic variations that include formality, social occasion, context, purpose, and audience.
  • Defined by vocabulary, phrases, jargon, intonation, and pace.
  • Registers can be formal, informal, or neutral.
  • Formal registers use polished language (often read from a manuscript), while informal registers are more casual.

Five Levels of Registers

  • Frozen: Fixed and relatively static language (anthems, pledges).
  • Formal: Language used in official settings (court, interviews).
  • Consultative: Language used for seeking assistance.
  • Casual/Informal: Language between close friends.
  • Intimate: Language between those in close relationships.

Jargon

  • Specialized language used by a professional or occupational group.
  • Difficult for outsiders to understand.
  • Includes terms such as academese, legalese, and textese.

Communication in Social Media

  • Traditional communication methods are being replaced by faster, easier digital methods in the age of internet connectivity.
  • Evaluating messages and images in different types of texts requires understanding the author's intent, the text's purpose and structure, and its vocabulary and language choices.
  • Multimodal texts combine linguistic, visual, audio, gestural, and spatial systems to communicate.

Source, Message, Medium, Audience and Context

  • Analyzing a message requires identifying creation source, purpose of the message, transmission medium, target audience, and the surrounding context to understand its purpose.
  • Government, corporations, and private individuals each contribute to the creation and promotion of media messages.

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GE 1 Purposive Communication Lesson 6 & 7 PDF

Description

This quiz explores the key differences between spoken and written language, highlighting aspects such as informality, complexity, and various characteristics. It also discusses the concept of World Englishes and their significance in communication. Test your understanding of how these two forms of language function in society.

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