Spironolactone Flashcards

Study Notes

Classification

Aldactone is classified as an aldosterone antagonist and potassium-sparing diuretic.
It serves as an antihypertensive and antihypokalemic medication.

Action

Inhibits sodium reabsorption by targeting aldosterone in the distal tubule.
Promotes the excretion of sodium and water while retaining potassium.
Produces diuresis and effectively lowers blood pressure.

Uses

Manages edema associated with excessive aldosterone secretion.
Indicated for hypertension, cirrhosis, hypokalemia, nephrotic syndrome, severe heart failure, and primary hyperaldosteronism.

Dosage

For edema, dosages range from 25 to 200 mg per day, either as a single dose or in two divided doses.
For hypertension, the recommended dose is between 25 to 50 mg per day in one or two doses.
In heart failure, the dosage is typically 12.5 to 25 mg per day.

Side Effects

Common side effects include hyperkalemia, dehydration, and hyponatremia.
Other occasional effects may include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, ataxia, drowsiness, confusion, and fever.

Contraindications

Not suitable for individuals with acute renal insufficiency, anuria, or hyperkalemia.
Caution is advised in cases of dehydration, hyponatremia, renal or hepatic impairment, and concurrent use of potassium supplements.

Nursing Implications

Monitor patient weight and initiate strict intake and output measures.
Evaluate hydration status and obtain baseline serum electrolytes, renal and hepatic function tests, and urinalysis.
Assess for edema, vital signs, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine levels, mental confusion, thirst, cold or clammy skin, drowsiness, and dry mouth.

Patient Teaching

Patients should expect an increase in urine volume and frequency.
Advise reporting any irregular or slow pulse and avoiding high-potassium foods.
Instruct to avoid alcohol and caution against tasks requiring alertness or motor skills until the body's response to the medication is established.

Description

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to spironolactone, including its classification, action, and uses. Ideal for students and healthcare professionals looking to enhance their understanding of this medication. Each card provides concise information to facilitate quick learning.