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Questions and Answers
Which reflex is tested by striking the patellar tendon directly?
Which reflex is tested by striking the patellar tendon directly?
- Lateral hamstring
- Patellar (correct)
- Posterior tibial
- Medial hamstring
Which position can be used to test the Achilles reflex?
Which position can be used to test the Achilles reflex?
- Kneeling
- Sitting
- Supine lying
- Prone (correct)
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
- Patient's knee is flexed
- Patient's plantar flexors are relaxed
- Patient's dorsiflexors are relaxed (correct)
- Patient's ankle is dorsiflexed
Which reflex is tested by tapping the thumbnail over the appropriate tendon?
Which reflex is tested by tapping the thumbnail over the appropriate tendon?
What may cause the reflexes to be absent soon after exercise?
What may cause the reflexes to be absent soon after exercise?
When should the reflexes be tested if neurogenic intermittent claudication is suspected?
When should the reflexes be tested if neurogenic intermittent claudication is suspected?
Which area is located between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis?
Which area is located between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis?
What is palpated by the examiner when moving posteriorly from the ASIS?
What is palpated by the examiner when moving posteriorly from the ASIS?
What is the caudal portion of the sacral canal called?
What is the caudal portion of the sacral canal called?
Which structure is palpated for symptoms of a hernia, abscess, infection, or other pathological conditions?
Which structure is palpated for symptoms of a hernia, abscess, infection, or other pathological conditions?
What is the level of the S2 spinous process?
What is the level of the S2 spinous process?
What should the examiner do to properly palpate the coccyx?
What should the examiner do to properly palpate the coccyx?
Which reflex occurs in males only?
Which reflex occurs in males only?
What does a negative test result of the superficial cremasteric reflex indicate?
What does a negative test result of the superficial cremasteric reflex indicate?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial abdominal reflex suggest?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial abdominal reflex suggest?
What does a normal result of the superficial anal reflex indicate?
What does a normal result of the superficial anal reflex indicate?
Which muscle should be palpated for potential pathology, and where is it located?
Which muscle should be palpated for potential pathology, and where is it located?
Which view should the examiner use to assess the shape of the vertebrae and disc spaces?
Which view should the examiner use to assess the shape of the vertebrae and disc spaces?
What does the presence of the Babinski or Oppenheim tests indicate?
What does the presence of the Babinski or Oppenheim tests indicate?
What should the examiner check if neurological symptoms are found?
What should the examiner check if neurological symptoms are found?
What does the presence of a bamboo spine indicate?
What does the presence of a bamboo spine indicate?
What percentage of the population has lumbarization of S1?
What percentage of the population has lumbarization of S1?
What condition occurs in 6% to 10% of the population and is characterized by incomplete fusion of the vertebrae?
What condition occurs in 6% to 10% of the population and is characterized by incomplete fusion of the vertebrae?
What does the presence of traction spurs indicate in the lumbar intervertebral segment?
What does the presence of traction spurs indicate in the lumbar intervertebral segment?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine in a prone position?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine in a prone position?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine with the patient's leg rotated upward?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine with the patient's leg rotated upward?
What are the movements sometimes called passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs)?
What are the movements sometimes called passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs)?
Which movement involves applying pressure through the thumbs to push the vertebrae anteriorly?
Which movement involves applying pressure through the thumbs to push the vertebrae anteriorly?
Which movement involves applying pressure to the muscles overlying the lamina or the transverse process of the lumbar vertebra?
Which movement involves applying pressure to the muscles overlying the lamina or the transverse process of the lumbar vertebra?
Which reflex is tested by striking the patellar tendon directly?
Which reflex is tested by striking the patellar tendon directly?
Which reflex may be tested in prone, sitting, or kneeling position?
Which reflex may be tested in prone, sitting, or kneeling position?
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
When should the reflexes be tested if neurogenic intermittent claudication is suspected?
When should the reflexes be tested if neurogenic intermittent claudication is suspected?
Which reflex is tested by tapping the thumbnail over the appropriate tendon?
Which reflex is tested by tapping the thumbnail over the appropriate tendon?
What does the presence of traction spurs indicate in the lumbar intervertebral segment?
What does the presence of traction spurs indicate in the lumbar intervertebral segment?
Which reflex occurs in males only?
Which reflex occurs in males only?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial cremasteric reflex suggest?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial cremasteric reflex suggest?
What does the absence of the superficial abdominal reflex indicate?
What does the absence of the superficial abdominal reflex indicate?
What is the purpose of the Babinski or Oppenheim tests?
What is the purpose of the Babinski or Oppenheim tests?
What should the examiner do if neurological symptoms are found during the examination?
What should the examiner do if neurological symptoms are found during the examination?
How should the examiner test for sensation in the lower limbs?
How should the examiner test for sensation in the lower limbs?
Which movement should the examiner use to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine with the patient's leg rotated upward?
Which movement should the examiner use to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine with the patient's leg rotated upward?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial abdominal reflex suggest?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial abdominal reflex suggest?
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
What does a negative test result of the superficial cremasteric reflex indicate?
What does a negative test result of the superficial cremasteric reflex indicate?
What does the presence of the Babinski or Oppenheim tests indicate?
What does the presence of the Babinski or Oppenheim tests indicate?
Which structure is palpated for symptoms of a hernia, abscess, infection, or other pathological conditions?
Which structure is palpated for symptoms of a hernia, abscess, infection, or other pathological conditions?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine in a prone position?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine in a prone position?
What is the level of the L4 spinous process?
What is the level of the L4 spinous process?
What is the purpose of posteroanterior central vertebral pressure (PACVP)?
What is the purpose of posteroanterior central vertebral pressure (PACVP)?
What is the purpose of posteroanterior unilateral vertebral pressure (PAUVP)?
What is the purpose of posteroanterior unilateral vertebral pressure (PAUVP)?
What is the purpose of transverse vertebral pressure (TVP)?
What is the purpose of transverse vertebral pressure (TVP)?
What should be noted during palpation of the lumbar spine?
What should be noted during palpation of the lumbar spine?
Which area should the examiner palpate to assess for symptoms of a hernia, abscess, infection, or other pathological conditions?
Which area should the examiner palpate to assess for symptoms of a hernia, abscess, infection, or other pathological conditions?
What is the caudal portion of the sacral canal called?
What is the caudal portion of the sacral canal called?
Which structure should the examiner palpate by moving along the iliac crest and palpating for signs of pathology?
Which structure should the examiner palpate by moving along the iliac crest and palpating for signs of pathology?
What is the level of the S2 spinous process?
What is the level of the S2 spinous process?
What is the proper way to palpate the coccyx?
What is the proper way to palpate the coccyx?
Which structure is palpated between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis?
Which structure is palpated between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis?
Which reflex is tested by tapping the tendon directly with a reflex hammer?
Which reflex is tested by tapping the tendon directly with a reflex hammer?
In which position can the Achilles reflex be tested?
In which position can the Achilles reflex be tested?
What is the proper position of the knee to test the patellar reflex?
What is the proper position of the knee to test the patellar reflex?
How should the ankle be positioned to test the Achilles reflex?
How should the ankle be positioned to test the Achilles reflex?
What should the examiner do to ensure the patient's dorsiflexors are relaxed before testing the Achilles reflex?
What should the examiner do to ensure the patient's dorsiflexors are relaxed before testing the Achilles reflex?
Which reflex is tested by tapping the thumbnail over the appropriate tendon?
Which reflex is tested by tapping the thumbnail over the appropriate tendon?
Which reflex is used to test for an upper motor neuron lesion in males only?
Which reflex is used to test for an upper motor neuron lesion in males only?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial cremasteric reflex suggest?
What does a unilateral absence of the superficial cremasteric reflex suggest?
Which superficial reflex indicates an upper motor neuron lesion when absent?
Which superficial reflex indicates an upper motor neuron lesion when absent?
What does the absence or reduction of the superficial cremasteric reflex bilaterally suggest?
What does the absence or reduction of the superficial cremasteric reflex bilaterally suggest?
Which reflex should the examiner perform to determine upper motor neuron lesions or pyramidal tract disease?
Which reflex should the examiner perform to determine upper motor neuron lesions or pyramidal tract disease?
When should the examiner check the dermatome patterns of the nerve roots and the peripheral sensory distribution of the peripheral nerves?
When should the examiner check the dermatome patterns of the nerve roots and the peripheral sensory distribution of the peripheral nerves?
Which muscle is often easier to palpate if the hip is flexed to 90°?
Which muscle is often easier to palpate if the hip is flexed to 90°?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences lumbarization of S1?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences lumbarization of S1?
What anomaly occurs in 3% to 6% of the population, making the L4–L5 level the first mobile segment rather than L5–S1?
What anomaly occurs in 3% to 6% of the population, making the L4–L5 level the first mobile segment rather than L5–S1?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences sacralization of L5?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences sacralization of L5?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences spina bifida occulta?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences spina bifida occulta?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences spondylosis or spondylolisthesis?
What is the percentage of the population that experiences spondylosis or spondylolisthesis?
Which structure is palpated between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis?
Which structure is palpated between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis?
Which structure is found in the left upper quadrant?
Which structure is found in the left upper quadrant?
Which structure is palpated by moving posteriorly from the ASIS?
Which structure is palpated by moving posteriorly from the ASIS?
Which structure is palpated by pushing both thumbs down onto the superior aspect of the pubic bones?
Which structure is palpated by pushing both thumbs down onto the superior aspect of the pubic bones?
Which structure is palpated by moving laterally 2 to 3 cm from the spinous processes?
Which structure is palpated by moving laterally 2 to 3 cm from the spinous processes?
Which structure requires a rectal examination to be properly palpated?
Which structure requires a rectal examination to be properly palpated?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine with the patient's leg rotated upward?
Which movement is used to test for hypomobility or hypermobility of the spine with the patient's leg rotated upward?
What is the purpose of posteroanterior central vertebral pressure (PACVP)?
What is the purpose of posteroanterior central vertebral pressure (PACVP)?
Which movement involves applying pressure to the muscles overlying the lamina or the transverse process of the lumbar vertebra?
Which movement involves applying pressure to the muscles overlying the lamina or the transverse process of the lumbar vertebra?
What is the purpose of transverse vertebral pressure (TVP)?
What is the purpose of transverse vertebral pressure (TVP)?
Which structure is palpated at the level of the L3-L4 disc space?
Which structure is palpated at the level of the L3-L4 disc space?
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
What should the examiner ensure before testing the Achilles reflex?
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