Podcast
Questions and Answers
The anterior grey horns are largest in the thoracic and sacral regions of the spinal cord.
The anterior grey horns are largest in the thoracic and sacral regions of the spinal cord.
False (B)
The gelatinous substance corresponds to Rexed's lamina II.
The gelatinous substance corresponds to Rexed's lamina II.
True (A)
Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are located in the lateral horn between spinal cord segments T1 to L2.
Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are located in the lateral horn between spinal cord segments T1 to L2.
True (A)
The nucleus gracilis is a main source of anterolateral tract fibers.
The nucleus gracilis is a main source of anterolateral tract fibers.
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Lamina VI contains the alpha and gamma motor neurons which innervate skeletal muscle.
Lamina VI contains the alpha and gamma motor neurons which innervate skeletal muscle.
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The cells of laminae III to VI form the nucleus cuneatus among which the cells of lamina V are a main source of anterolateral tract fibres
The cells of laminae III to VI form the nucleus cuneatus among which the cells of lamina V are a main source of anterolateral tract fibres
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The Rexed laminae are numbered using Arabic numerals.
The Rexed laminae are numbered using Arabic numerals.
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The anterior white columns are largest in the cervical region.
The anterior white columns are largest in the cervical region.
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The pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from the anterior nerve roots of sacral segments S2-S4 and carry sympathetic fibers.
The pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from the anterior nerve roots of sacral segments S2-S4 and carry sympathetic fibers.
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In the anterior horn, the more ventral cells of the lateral group supply distal limb muscles.
In the anterior horn, the more ventral cells of the lateral group supply distal limb muscles.
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The spinal cord's central canal is lined by ependyma and represents a caudal continuation of the fourth ventricle's cavity.
The spinal cord's central canal is lined by ependyma and represents a caudal continuation of the fourth ventricle's cavity.
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The anterior median fissure completely divides the white matter of the spinal cord into two distinct halves.
The anterior median fissure completely divides the white matter of the spinal cord into two distinct halves.
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The posterior median septum extends forward to the white commissure.
The posterior median septum extends forward to the white commissure.
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The filum terminale contains the central canal along its entire length.
The filum terminale contains the central canal along its entire length.
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In cross-section, the projections of grey matter are referred to as anterior, dorsal, and lateral horns.
In cross-section, the projections of grey matter are referred to as anterior, dorsal, and lateral horns.
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The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve cell bodies, while the grey matter contains nerve fibres.
The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve cell bodies, while the grey matter contains nerve fibres.
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The grey commissure connects the grey matter of the right and left halves of the spinal cord.
The grey commissure connects the grey matter of the right and left halves of the spinal cord.
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The spinal cord's structure includes a central mass of white matter surrounded by grey matter.
The spinal cord's structure includes a central mass of white matter surrounded by grey matter.
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The terms 'column' and 'horn' are used interchangeably to describe the white matter of the spinal cord.
The terms 'column' and 'horn' are used interchangeably to describe the white matter of the spinal cord.
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The lateral corticospinal tract is located within the anterior white column of the spinal cord.
The lateral corticospinal tract is located within the anterior white column of the spinal cord.
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Flashcards
Spinal Cord Structure
Spinal Cord Structure
The spinal cord has grey matter in a fluted column and white matter surrounding it.
Grey Matter
Grey Matter
Contains nerve cell bodies; forms horns in the spinal cord.
White Matter
White Matter
Contains nerve fibers (tracts) surrounding grey matter.
Anterior Median Fissure
Anterior Median Fissure
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Posterior Median Septum
Posterior Median Septum
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Central Canal
Central Canal
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Grey Commissure
Grey Commissure
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Anterior Horn
Anterior Horn
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Posterior Horn
Posterior Horn
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Neural Tracts
Neural Tracts
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Transverse Sections
Transverse Sections
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Vertical Thinking in the Spinal Cord
Vertical Thinking in the Spinal Cord
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Anterior Grey Horn
Anterior Grey Horn
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Cervical and Lumbosacral Enlargements
Cervical and Lumbosacral Enlargements
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Laminae in Grey Matter
Laminae in Grey Matter
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Lamina II (Gelatinous Substance)
Lamina II (Gelatinous Substance)
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Lamina V and Anterolateral Tract
Lamina V and Anterolateral Tract
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Lateral Horn Cell Bodies
Lateral Horn Cell Bodies
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Motor Neurons in Lamina IX
Motor Neurons in Lamina IX
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Study Notes
Spinal Cord Structure
- The spinal cord's central core is grey matter (cell bodies), shaped like a fluted column around the central canal.
- Surrounding this grey matter is a cylindrical mass of white matter (nerve fibers).
- The anterior median fissure and posterior median septum nearly divide the cord into two halves. The septum connects the grey matter halves and contains the central canal (continuation of the fourth ventricle).
- The anterior fissure does not fully separate the white matter due to an anterior white commissure.
- Both grey and white matter are divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior columns/horns. 'Column' refers to white matter (tracts) and 'horn' to grey matter (nerve cell bodies).
- Spinal cord function is primarily vertical (up or down).
- Sizes and shapes of white/grey columns are used to differentiate spinal cord segments (e.g., cervical, thoracic, lumbar). Posterior white columns are largest in the cervical region, and anterior grey horns are largest in cervical and lumbar regions.
Grey Matter Details
- Grey matter sections appear H-shaped, especially in the thoracic region.
- Posterior horn extends to the spinal cord's surface, but the anterior horn does not.
- Enlargements (cervical and lumbosacral) in the spinal cord are due to a greater number of anterior horn cells to innervate nerve plexuses.
- Medial anterior horn cells control trunk muscles, while lateral ones control limb muscles.
- Ventral lateral group cells control proximal limb muscles, and dorsal lateral ones control distal limb muscles.
- Sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are in a small lateral horn (T1-L2). Their axons exit into spinal nerves (via white rami communicantes) and enter the sympathetic trunk.
- Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are also part of a small lateral horn (S2-S4). Their axons exit into sacral anterior nerve roots and form pelvic splanchnic nerves. These parasympathetic cells are positioned similarly to sympathetic ones at higher levels.
- Grey matter cells are organized into functional groups (laminae I-X).
- Lamina II contains gelatinous substance; laminae III-VI include nucleus proprius (lamina V is anterolateral tract source); lamina VII has thoracic, thoracolumbar, and sacral lateral horn cells. VII/VIII contain interneurons for motor coordination and project to lamina IX; Laminar IX has alpha and gamma motor neurons for skeletal muscle.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of the spinal cord, including its grey and white matter and the segmentation of its anatomy. This quiz covers concepts like the central canal, anterior median fissure, and spinal cord functions.
