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Spinal Cord Anatomy
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Spinal Cord Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

What is the goal of Biological Psychology?

  • To study the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience (correct)
  • To study the psychological mechanisms of behavior and experience
  • To study the cognitive processes involved in behavior
  • To study the social and environmental influences on behavior

    • Which type of explanation describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did?

  • Physiological Explanation
  • Functional Explanation (correct)
  • Evolutionary Explanation
  • Ontogenetic Explanation

    • Why are animals sometimes used in research in Biological Psychology?

  • The underlying mechanisms of behavior are different across species
  • Legal or ethical restrictions prevent certain kinds of research on humans (correct)
  • Animals are easier to study than humans
  • Animals are not used in research in Biological Psychology

    • What is one of the reasons for studying animals in Biological Psychology?

    <p>To understand human evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method involves examining the effects of brain damage?

    <p>Examine the effects of brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ontogenetic explanation describe in Biological Psychology?

    <p>How a structure or behavior develops, including genetic influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

    <p>To apply an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Heschl’s gyrus?

    <p>To process auditory information, especially as it relates to language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique records changes in brain processes?

    <p>Electroencephalograph (EEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ablation refer to in the context of brain research?

    <p>Removal of a brain area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of recording changes in brain activity during various behaviors?

    <p>To correlate brain anatomy with behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)?

    <p>To provide a high-resolution image of brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stereotaxic Instrument used for?

    <p>precise placement of electrodes in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sham Lesion refer to?

    <p>removal of a procedure for control group experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Magnetoencephalograph (MEG) measure?

    <p>faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Preparing the organs for 'fight or flight'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spinal cord is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites?

    <p>Gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hindbrain consist of?

    <p>Cerebellum and brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the CNS sends sensory information to the brain and receives motor commands from the brain?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Facilitating vegetative, nonemergency responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily composed of myelinated axons in the spinal cord?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for the control of movement?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Substantia Nigra in the brain?

    <p>Facilitates readiness for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is considered the relay station for sensory information in the brain?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Communication bridge in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Basal Ganglia in the brain?

    <p>Group of subcortical structures involved in motor control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for storing certain kinds of memories?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Frontal Lobe in the brain?

    <p>Important for making decisions and planning movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain serves as a relay station for sensory information?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Tectum in the midbrain?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ascending Portion of the brain primarily do?

    <p>Increases arousal and attention in the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Goals and Explanations

    • The goal of Biological Psychology is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying behavior and mental processes.
    • An evolutionary explanation describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did.

    Research Methods

    • Animals are used in research in Biological Psychology to better understand human behavior and mental processes.
    • One reason for studying animals is to gain insights into human psychological processes.
    • Ablation involves examining the effects of brain damage to understand brain function.
    • Lesioning involves intentionally damaging a specific area of the brain to study its function.
    • Sham Lesion is a control procedure where a fake lesion is created to compare with a real lesion.

    Brain Imaging and Stimulation

    • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that stimulates specific brain areas.
    • Electroencephalography (EEG) records changes in brain processes.
    • Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) is a neuroimaging technique that measures brain activity.
    • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the magnetic fields generated by electrical activity in the brain.

    Brain Structure and Function

    • Heschl's gyrus is involved in auditory processing.
    • The hindbrain consists of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.
    • The gray matter in the spinal cord is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites.
    • The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response.
    • The parasympathetic nervous system promotes relaxation and reduces stress.
    • The white matter in the spinal cord is primarily composed of myelinated axons.
    • The basal ganglia are a group of structures involved in movement control.
    • The Substantia Nigra is involved in motor control and dopamine production.
    • The Thalamus is a relay station for sensory information in the brain.
    • The Corpus Callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain and facilitates inter-hemispheric communication.
    • The Frontal Lobe is responsible for executive functions, decision-making, and motor control.
    • The Hippocampus is primarily responsible for storing certain kinds of memories.
    • The Tectum in the midbrain serves as a relay station for sensory information.

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    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the spinal cord, including the Bell-Magendie Law, gray and white matter, and the role of dorsal and ventral roots in sensory and motor information transmission.

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