Lecture 4 - Spinal Cord A+P 2
44 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the point of termination of the spinal cord in the spinal canal?

  • Disc between S1 and S2
  • Disc between T9 and T10
  • Disc between L1 and L2 (correct)
  • Disc between C1 and C2

    • What is the function of the CSF in the spinal cord?

  • Acting as a shock absorber (correct)
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Protection of the spinal cord from injury
  • Transmission of nerve signals

    • What is the innermost layer of the spinal meninges?

  • Epidural Space
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Dura Mater
  • Pia Mater (correct)

    • What is the location of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord?

    <p>T9 – T12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that arises from the conus medullaris and anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx?

    <p>Filum terminale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space between the dura mater and the vertebra?

    <p>Epidural Space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic motor nuclei in the spinal cord?

    <p>Regulation of smooth muscle and gland activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the posterior column and the lateral and anterior columns in the spinal cord?

    <p>The posterior column contains only sensory tracts, while the lateral and anterior columns contain both sensory and motor tracts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve plexus supplies the diaphragm?

    <p>Cervical plexus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve that supplies the serratus anterior muscle?

    <p>Long thoracic nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the meninges in the spinal cord?

    <p>To protect the spinal cord from injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?

    <p>51 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the clustering of cell bodies of motor neurons in the spinal cord?

    <p>Horns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tract that transmits sensory information from the diaphragm to the spinal cord?

    <p>Phrenic nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spinal cord contains the gray matter?

    <p>Central canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of nerve branches from the spinal cord?

    <p>Plexus formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space?

    <p>To act as a shock absorber and cushion the spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is NOT aligned with its respective vertebra?

    <p>All spinal nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cauda equina composed of?

    <p>Nerve roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a spinal nerve?

    <p>Skeletal muscle fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the posterior (dorsal) root of a spinal nerve?

    <p>To transmit sensory information from the periphery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gray matter of the spinal cord composed of?

    <p>Unmyelinated axons and cell bodies of interneurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the central canal of the spinal cord?

    <p>To contain cerebrospinal fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anterior (ventral) horn of the spinal cord?

    <p>To transmit motor signals to skeletal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the spinal cord?

    <p>It contains only motor neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spinal cord in regards to reflexes?

    <p>To integrate and facilitate reflexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dorsal root ganglion?

    <p>To contain cell bodies of sensory neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves passes through the greater sciatic notch?

    <p>Sciatic nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area of skin supplied by sensory neurons from a single spinal nerve?

    <p>Dermatome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the reflex that is abnormal in adults, but normal in infants, and is characterized by hyperflexion of the toes?

    <p>Babinski sign (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the intervertebral foramina?

    <p>Where the spinal nerves exit the spine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enlargement of the spinal cord that corresponds to the cervical region?

    <p>Cervical enlargement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meninges extend to the level of?

    <p>S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lumbar puncture is done at what level?

    <p>L3 L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All nerves form a plexus except for/

    <p>T2-T12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phrenic nerves that keep diaphragm alive are at what levels?

    <p>C3, C4, C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brachial plexus formed by?

    <p>C5-C8 and T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to thoracic nerve shows what sign on body?

    <p>Winging of scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lumbar plexus is at what level?

    <p>L1-L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vertebral level is sacral plexus?

    <p>L4-S4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dermatomes, majority of back of leg is? What about front?

    <p>Sacral Lumbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Position to best demonstrate Intervertebral foramina of C spine T spine L spine Sacrum

    <p>Obliques Lateral Lateral AP axial 15 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell bodies grouped together in CNS vs PNS?

    <p>Nucleus and ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Axons bundled together in CNS vs PNS

    <p>Tract and Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gray Matter and White Matter

    • Gray matter is composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons of interneurons, and it forms the "H" or butterfly shape in the spinal cord.
    • White matter is composed of myelinated axons, and it forms the tracts in the spinal cord.

    Spinal Cord Organization

    • The spinal cord has a central canal that extends the entire length of the spinal cord and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
    • The spinal cord is organized into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) horns, and lateral horns.
    • The anterior (ventral) horn contains somatic motor nuclei, which are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS that send nerve impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles.
    • The posterior (dorsal) horn contains cell bodies and unmyelinated axons of interneurons, and incoming sensory neurons.

    Spinal Nerves

    • There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that exit the spine through the intervertebral foramina.
    • Spinal nerves are formed by 2 roots from the spinal cord: posterior (dorsal) root and anterior (ventral) root.
    • The posterior (dorsal) root contains only axons of sensory neurons, while the anterior (ventral) root contains motor axons.
    • All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, containing both sensory and motor axons.

    Spinal Nerve Roots

    • The posterior (dorsal) root ganglion is a swelling that contains cell bodies of sensory neurons.
    • The anterior (ventral) root contains motor axons.

    Nerve Plexuses

    • Nerve plexuses are formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves, which branch into smaller nerves that supply specific areas of the body.
    • There are five nerve plexuses: cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
    • The cervical plexus is formed by the anterior rami of C1-C5, and supplies the head, neck, and superior part of the chest and shoulders.
    • The brachial plexus is formed by the anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1, and supplies the arm.
    • The lumbar plexus is formed by the anterior rami of L1-L4, and supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and anterior part of the lower limbs.
    • The sacral plexus is formed by the anterior rami of L4-S4, and supplies the buttocks, perineum, and posterior part of the lower limbs.

    Spinal Reflexes

    • Spinal reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to sensory stimuli, and they do not require the brain to function.
    • Examples of spinal reflexes include the patellar reflex, pupillary light reflex, and withdrawal reflex.

    Meninges

    • The meninges are three layers of protective membranes that surround the spinal cord and brain: pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.
    • The pia mater is the innermost layer, the arachnoid mater is the middle layer, and the dura mater is the outermost layer.
    • The meninges are continuous with the cranial meninges, and they extend to the level of S2.
    • The epidural space is a potential space between the dura mater and the vertebra, and it can be used for epidural injections.
    • The subarachnoid space is a space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, and it contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
    • The CSF acts as a shock absorber, and it helps to protect the spinal cord from injury.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the spinal cord, including its continuation from the medulla oblongata, cervical and lumbar enlargements, and its relationship to the conus medullaris and filum terminale. Based on Tortora's Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 13.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser