MS CH 47 Neurologic System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures
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Questions and Answers

What primarily constitutes the gray matter in the spinal cord?

  • Myelinated axons of neurons
  • Cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons (correct)
  • Fibers of the spinal nerves
  • Dendrites of sensory neurons

    • Which part of the spinal cord gray matter is primarily associated with the sensory function?

  • Ventral horns
  • Central canal
  • Dorsal horns (correct)
  • Lateral horns

    • Which regions of the body are innervated by the cervical region of the spinal cord?

  • Back and abdominal muscles
  • Legs and feet
  • Pelvis and thighs
  • Chest, head, neck, shoulders, arms, hands, and diaphragm (correct)

    • What is the primary appearance of gray matter in the spinal cord?

    <p>Gray because of the lack of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the spinal cord end in the vertebral column?

    <p>At the first lumbar vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the ventral horns of the spinal cord primarily contain?

    <p>Motor neuron cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the spinal cord's structure?

    <p>A bundle of nerve fibers encased in multiple layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscles do the nerves from the thoracic region of the spinal cord primarily innervate?

    <p>Intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure primarily connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the thalamus in the brain?

    <p>To filter sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the lateral ventricles located?

    <p>Within the cerebral hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) play in the central nervous system?

    <p>Acts as a cushion and facilitates nutrient exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure is suspended from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fourth ventricle is located between which two structures?

    <p>Cerebellum and brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the pressure and constituents of cerebrospinal fluid be determined?

    <p>Using a lumbar puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily involved in sensory input filtering?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is primarily released by sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is responsible for inactivating norepinephrine in sympathetic synapses?

    <p>Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the parasympathetic division play in the body?

    <p>Promotes normal functioning during relaxed states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the location of parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies?

    <p>Craniosacral region, including the brainstem and sacral segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect would an increase in acetylcholine at parasympathetic synapses likely have?

    <p>Enhanced glandular secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect could albuterol have on a patient with obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Promote bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements correctly reflects the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Controls the fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the aging process, what is the typical impact on the brain regarding neurons?

    <p>Minor loss of neurons, not affecting overall functioning significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of neurologic function does the ability to complete serial 7s primarily assess?

    <p>Intellectual Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can cause the inability to interpret familiar objects?

    <p>Agnoisa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about memory impairment is accurate?

    <p>Delirium can cause impairments in immediate and short-term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On a pain scale from 0 to 10, what does a rating of 0 signify?

    <p>No pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary reason for assessing a patient's ability to interpret information?

    <p>To ensure safety in daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia results from injury to specific areas of the brain?

    <p>Broca's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could significantly impair pain perception in a patient?

    <p>Medications and alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of dementia on memory?

    <p>Impacts both short-term and long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of delirium and acute states of confusion?

    <p>Adverse effects from medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criterion used by the Confusion Assessment Method to diagnose delirium?

    <p>Prolonged unconsciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient develops unequal pupils after previously having equal ones?

    <p>Report the change to the physician immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step after noting the resting size of the pupils during an eye examination?

    <p>Assess their response to light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is mentioned for assessing cognitive function?

    <p>The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an examination of pupil size, what condition might cause unequal pupils?

    <p>Cataract surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed immediately if there is any deviation from the normal round shape of the pupils?

    <p>Their mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered especially important in patients taking multiple medications?

    <p>The risk of drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What score indicates the eye response of eyelids remaining closed with pain?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scores indicates a patient can localize to pain?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What score indicates the absence of both pupil and corneal reflexes?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a respiratory score of 3?

    <p>Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which score reflects no response to pain or generalized myoclonus status?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a motor response score of 2 signify?

    <p>Flexion response to pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What eye response score indicates that the eyelids are open but not tracking?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the presence of pupil and corneal reflexes?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Four Score Coma Scale, what score would represent regular breathing without intubation?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What response is indicated by a pupil that is wide and fixed?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the myelin sheath?

    <p>It insulates the axon to enhance nerve signal conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the nodes of Ranvier facilitate in a neuron?

    <p>Enabling saltatory conduction of electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a neuron contains neurotransmitter vesicles?

    <p>Axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interneurons primarily function to connect which of the following pathways?

    <p>Sensory and motor pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes sensory neurons from other neuron types?

    <p>They transmit information from sensory receptors to the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the soma of a neuron responsible for?

    <p>Controlling the functions of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological characteristic does an axon have compared to dendrites?

    <p>It is generally longer and less branched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of stretch reflexes in the body?

    <p>To maintain body posture without conscious effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within the spinal cord carries sensory or motor impulses?

    <p>Nerve tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the spinal cord's structure in cross-section?

    <p>It features a centrally located mass of gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the absence of the patellar reflex indicate?

    <p>A problem in the spinal cord or reflex arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for the automatic response of flexor reflexes to painful stimuli?

    <p>Activation of an integrated reflex arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the midbrain?

    <p>Coordination of visual and auditory reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of myelin sheaths in nerve tracts?

    <p>They provide insulation and enhance signal speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure helps maintain posture and balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the function of spinal nerves?

    <p>They carry both sensory and motor impulses to and from the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term 'sulci' within the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Shallow grooves between folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain regulates vital life functions?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the basal nuclei within the brain?

    <p>Modulating voluntary movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the cerebral cortex is primarily linked to individual personalities?

    <p>Integration of several brain areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pons contribute to the respiratory process?

    <p>It works with the medulla to regulate breathing rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for coordinating the endpoint direction of movements?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Preganglionic neurons are short and may travel to different ganglia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical structure of postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Postganglionic fibers are usually unmyelinated and long.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sympathetic ganglia' refer to?

    <p>Clusters of cell bodies found along the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do some preganglionic neurons behave in terms of ganglia?

    <p>They may pass through the first ganglion and synapse elsewhere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To maintain homeostasis and promote rest and digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system tend to be short?

    <p>Because most ganglia are situated close to the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might result from an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Enhanced alertness and a readiness for action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

    <p>The parasympathetic nervous system opposes the actions of the sympathetic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting a baseline neurologic assessment upon patient admission?

    <p>To establish a basis for future comparisons of neurologic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should neurologic assessments typically be performed for a patient close to discharge?

    <p>Every 8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if a patient's neurologic assessment indicates a change in strength between assessments?

    <p>Notify the health care provider for further evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of ineffective communication regarding neurologic assessment findings among staff?

    <p>Inadequate responses to changes in the patient's neurologic condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences the frequency of neurologic assessments for patients?

    <p>The patient's admitting diagnosis and neurologic condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of equal strength in the arms during a neurologic assessment post-surgery?

    <p>Recovery progress is being made since the last assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical role does the baseline neurologic assessment serve during patient care?

    <p>It assists in planning and modifying the patient's care based on their neurologic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a patient experiencing neurologic deficits prior to surgery, what is essential to monitor postoperatively?

    <p>Changes in neurologic function compared to the baseline assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sympathetic response in relation to blood vessels in skeletal muscle?

    <p>Dilate to increase blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the sympathetic response, what effect does it have on the stomach and intestines?

    <p>Decrease peristalsis and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the internal urethral sphincter take during a sympathetic response?

    <p>Contract to prevent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sympathetic nervous system, what physiological change occurs in the heart?

    <p>Increased rate and force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland's secretion is increased during the sympathetic response?

    <p>Adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected effect on the bronchioles during a sympathetic response?

    <p>Dilation to increase airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic response affect pupil size?

    <p>Dilates to enhance vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on digestive enzyme production?

    <p>Decreases production to divert energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to salivary gland secretion during the sympathetic response?

    <p>Decreased secretion during stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the liver play in the sympathetic response?

    <p>Change glycogen to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the deep grooves between the folds of the cerebral cortex called?

    <p>Fissures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain primarily regulates vital life functions?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordination of voluntary movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflexes does the midbrain primarily regulate?

    <p>Auditory reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cerebral cortex enhance its functionality?

    <p>Through extensive folding into convolutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basal nuclei within the cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Facilitating learned behaviors and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the shallow grooves of the cerebral cortex refer to?

    <p>Sulci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complex behaviors are formed by the integration of cerebral and lower brain areas?

    <p>Individual personalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Connect afferent and efferent neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does NOT typically result from aging effects on the nervous system?

    <p>Increased reflex speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dysarthria characterized by?

    <p>Difficulty in producing speech sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In assessing a patient with nervous system disorders, which data is essential to collect?

    <p>History of neurological symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cerebrovascular system in the nervous system?

    <p>Transporting oxygen to nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates the presence of unequal pupils?

    <p>Anisocoria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an electroencephalogram?

    <p>To record electrical activity of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nursing care is important for patients undergoing diagnostic tests for nervous system disorders?

    <p>Providing emotional support throughout the procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three external layers of connective tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord called?

    <p>Meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of spinal nerves are present in the human body?

    <p>31 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is NOT one of the four principal areas?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the spinal cord?

    <p>To protect and cushion the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the epidural space located in relation to the spinal cord?

    <p>Between the vertebrae and the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual characteristic is typical of white matter in the spinal cord?

    <p>It appears white because of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Prepares the body for physical activity in stressful situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are spinal nerves often referred to when denoting their specific location?

    <p>By letter and number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sense of taste?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal (IX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal cord?

    <p>Central canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is NOT associated with the Vagus nerve?

    <p>Movement of the eyeball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hypoglossal nerve is primarily responsible for which activity?

    <p>Movement of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve contributes to both taste and reflexes related to blood pressure?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal (IX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the Oculomotor nerve?

    <p>Movement of the eyeball and pupil constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is primarily involved in the control of neck and shoulder muscles?

    <p>Accessory (XI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the Facial nerve?

    <p>Secretion of saliva and taste sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Oculomotor nerve play in vision?

    <p>It controls movement of the eyeball and adjusts pupil size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During stressful situations, which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily activated?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Vasoconstriction and increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is involved at both preganglionic and postganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic division?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme inactivates acetylcholine in the sympathetic division?

    <p>Acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect does albuterol primarily have on patients experiencing obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Airway dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which situation does the parasympathetic division primarily dominate?

    <p>During relaxation and nonstressful conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of increased acetylcholine at parasympathetic synapses?

    <p>Reduced heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Inactivating norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of astrocytes in the brain?

    <p>Contributing to the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when an electrical impulse reaches a synapse?

    <p>It is converted into a chemical signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might some medications have difficulty affecting the brain?

    <p>They cannot cross the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage related to the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>It can impede the effectiveness of some useful medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the ependyma in the central nervous system?

    <p>Lining the ventricles and aiding in cerebrospinal fluid circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does impulse transmission occur at chemical synapses?

    <p>The neurotransmitter is released only from the presynaptic neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen as a result of the complexity of synapses?

    <p>They can become targets for medications affecting neurotransmitter action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the primary direction of impulse transmission at chemical synapses?

    <p>Impulse transmission is unidirectional from presynaptic to postsynaptic neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Terms

    • Anisocoria: Unequal pupil size
    • Aphasia: Difficulty or inability with speech
    • Cerebrovascular: Relating to the blood vessels of the brain
    • Contractures: Permanent muscle contractions
    • Decerebrate: Abnormal posture (extension)
    • Decorticate: Abnormal posture (flexion)
    • Dysarthria: Difficulty with speech articulation
    • Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
    • Electroencephalogram (EEG): Measurement of electrical activity in the brain
    • Myelogram: X-ray imaging of the spinal cord
    • Nystagmus: Involuntary eye movements
    • Paresis: Partial paralysis
    • Paresthesia: Abnormal sensations (burning or tingling)
    • Subarachnoid: Space surrounding the brain and spinal cord

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe the normal structures and functions of the nervous system
    • Identify the effects of aging on the nervous system.
    • List data to collect when caring for a patient with a nervous system disorder
    • Identify tests used to diagnose nervous system disorders
    • Plan nursing care for patients undergoing diagnostic tests for nervous system disorders
    • Describe common therapeutic measures for patients with nervous system disorders

    Normal Neurologic System Anatomy and Physiology

    • The nervous system has two divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
    • The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord while the PNS includes the nerves of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
    • Electrical impulses are transmitted through the nervous system to carry out sensory, motor, and integrative activity
    • Actions are either automatic reflexes or result of gathering, organizing, and processing data

    Nerve Tissue

    • Nerve tissue consists of neurons and neuroglia
    • Neurons include unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar anatomy
    • Most common is the multipolar neuron with multiple dendrites and a single axon
    • Myelination of axons increases their conduction speed

    Types of Neurons

    • Neurons are categorized as sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons
    • Sensory neurons receive signals from receptors in the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints. Visceral sensory neurons receive signals from receptors in internal organs
    • Motor neurons innervate skeletal (somatic) and smooth muscle/glands (visceral)
    • Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons, processing information

    Nerve Impulses

    • Nerve impulse (action potential) is an electrical change in the neuron caused by ion movement
    • At rest, neurons are polarized (positive outside, negative inside)
    • A threshold stimulus causes a reversal in charge (action potential)
    • A subsequent refractory period restores the original polarization

    Synapses

    • Impulses can't cross the synaptic gap at chemical synapses
    • Neurotransmitters are released to transmit the impulse to the next neuron
    • Medications can target neurotransmitters, influencing mood, for example

    Cranial Nerves

    • 12 pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem (and two from the cerebrum)
    • Most are mixed nerves, but some are purely sensory or motor nerves
    • These nerves carry impulses to muscles, glands, or sensory functions

    Spinal Cord

    • The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the lumbar region
    • It contains an H-shaped gray matter region surrounded by white matter
    • Spinal nerves connect the spinal cord to the body

    Spinal Cord Reflexes

    • A reflex is a fast, involuntary response to a stimulus
    • Spinal reflexes are independent of the brain
    • Somatic spinal cord reflexes include stretch reflexes and flexor reflexes
    • Stretch reflexes help maintain posture, while flexor reflexes pull away from stimuli

    Brain

    • The main areas are the cerebrum, diencephalon (thalamus/hypothalamus), brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla), and cerebellum
    • The role of these regions varies widely in function

    Meninges

    • The meninges are protective layers around the CNS (brain and spinal cord)
    • These membranes include the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

    Nervous System and Aging

    • Age-related changes may include diminished blood flow to the brain, decreased acetylcholine, and progressive loss of dopamine, possibly altering sleep patterns
    • Memory loss and altered sleeping patterns could occur
    • These changes are often NOT the cause of cognitive impairment

    Neurologic Assessment

    • An assessment starts with the history and physical examination
    • Mental status and cognitive functions are explored
    • Level of consciousness is assessed by responsiveness to stimuli
    • Motor function, muscle strength, and reflexes are observed
    • Testing of cranial nerves

    Cranial Nerve Testing

    • Testing for each nerve is done individually and in order
    • The way to perform a test for each nerve is unique

    Diagnostic Tests

    • CT scan: Used for diagnosing neurologic disorders
    • MRI: Used for diagnosis of degenerative diseases, vascular malformations, small tumors, and hemmorhages. This is a longer procedure that can pose difficulties for unstable patients
    • X-rays: Used to assess the status of vertebrae and relationship to others.
    • Lumbar puncture: Performed to analyze cerebrospinal fluid
    • EEG: Records electrical activity in the brain
    • Angiograms: Provide information about blood vessels
    • Myelograms are x-ray procedures of the spinal cavity

    Therapeutic Measures

    • Positioning, ambulation, and use of devices such as splints help patients who have difficulty with movements
    • Positioning and managing contractures and footdrop is vital
    • Nutritional needs must be assessed and addressed, potentially requiring specialized feeding methods like nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes
    • Family involvement is crucial, including education and support

    Special Considerations

    • Be aware of possible complications of some of the testing procedures
    • Safe patient care and the potential for falls due to diminished coordination and/or weakness needs to be considered at all times
    • Assess if current care and medications might be contributing factors causing new issues.
    • Be sure to collaborate with other specialties to ensure seamless care (Example: respiratory therapist and/or physical therapist during assessments and/or care planning).

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    MS CH 47 Neurologic System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy and function of the spinal cord and its relation to the central nervous system. This quiz covers key concepts including the structure of gray matter, sensory functions, and the role of cerebrospinal fluid. Ideal for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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