Ninja Nerd- Embryology- Neurulation

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the plate formed by the thickening of the ectoderm during embryonic development?

  • Nodal cord
  • Mesoderm plate
  • Neural plate (correct)
  • Endoderm plate

What initiates the process of ectodermal proliferation in the embryo?

  • Mesoderm
  • Notochord releasing growth factors (correct)
  • Endoderm
  • Neural crest cells

What is the role of the neural groove in embryonic development?

  • To form the notochord
  • To house the neural crest cells (correct)
  • To catalyze ectodermal proliferation
  • To create the neural folds

Why does the neural plate begin to involute during development?

<p>To initiate folding and specialization of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specialized cells that form along the edges of the neural folds?

<p>Neural crest cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure secretes growth factors that stimulate ectodermal proliferation in early embryonic development?

<p>Notochord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which day do we start to see the formation of the neural plate?

<p>Day 17 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of folate in the context of neural tube development?

<p>Synthesizing DNA and allowing cell replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On which day is the neural tube completely formed?

<p>Day 21 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the anterior neuro pore fails to close due to a lack of folate?

<p>Defects within the spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures fuse to form the complete neural tube during development?

<p>Neural folds with each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point during development do the neural crest cells begin to grow in relation to the fusion of the neural folds?

<p>Before fusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate daily folate requirement during pregnancy to maintain the proliferative process for neural tube closure?

<p>3-5 milligrams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Around which day of development does the posterior neural pore generally close?

<p>Day 26 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome can result from an encephalocele that causes cystic renal dysplasia, polydactyly, and protrusion of brain and meningeal tissue in the occipital region?

<p>Mekel Gruber syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the formation of three vesicles in the neural tube, bulging out towards the cranial end?

<p>Vesiculation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs first in the process of neurulation?

<p>Ectodermal proliferation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of folate in neural tube development?

<p>Maintains proliferative process for neural tube closure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primary vesicles develop further by proliferating and specializing to form more vesicles?

<p>Prosencephalon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the telencephalon become as part of brain development?

<p>Cerebrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted by the color maroon and forms part of the prosencephalon?

<p>Diencephalon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the myelencephalon develop into as part of brain development?

<p>Medulla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus?

<p>Diencephalon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure eventually becomes the pons and cerebellum during brain development?

<p>Metencephalon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of melanocytes mentioned in the text?

<p>Produce pigment for skin color (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do chromaffin cells, which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, typically reside?

<p>Adrenal medulla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the structures known as the Meissner's plexus and Auerbach plexus?

<p>Working with the enteric nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the text mention being influenced by neural crest cell differentiation?

<p>Gut structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that the text describes for the development of the brain, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord?

<p>Vesicular Sheen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are derived from neural crest cells according to the text?

<p>Enteric Nervous System and Skin Cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chromaffin cells which are derived from neural crest cells?

<p>Secretion of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the structures Meissner's plexus and Auerbach plexus primarily reside?

<p>Gut (Intestines) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of melanocytes as mentioned in the text?

<p>Synthesis of Pigment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures do neural crest cells NOT differentiate into according to the text?

<p>Thalamus and Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body is influenced by neural crest cell differentiation according to the text?

<p>Enteric Nervous System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neural crest cells in relation to the adrenal medulla?

<p>Secrete Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the movement of neural crest cells to different locations in the body where they differentiate into specialized cell types?

<p>Interkinetic Migration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common function of structures derived from neural crest cells according to the text?

<p>Nervous System Development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neural Plate

A thickened area of the ectoderm in the developing embryo.

Initiation of Ectodermal Proliferation

The notochord releases growth factors.

Neural Groove Role

Houses and guides neural crest cells.

Why Neural Plate Involutes

Initiates folding and specialization of cells.

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Neural Crest Cells

Specialized cells along the edges of the neural folds that contribute to various structures.

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Structure Secreting Growth Factors

Notochord

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Neural Plate Formation

Day 17

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Folate's Role

Folate is required for DNA synthesis, enabling cell replication necessary for neural tube closure.

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Neural Tube Complete

Day 21

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Anterior Neuropore Closure Failure

Defects within the brain, such as anencephaly, can occur.

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Neural Tube Formation

Neural folds fuse together.

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Neural Crest Cell Growth Timing

Before fusion of the neural folds.

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Daily Folate Requirement

3-5 milligrams.

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Posterior Neural Pore Closure

Day 26

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Encephalocele Complications

Mekel Gruber syndrome

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Vesiculation

Formation of three vesicles in the neural tube towards the cranial end.

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First step of Neurulation

Ectodermal proliferation

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Role of Folate

Maintains proliferative process for neural tube closure

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Primary Vesicles Developing Further

Prosencephalon

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Telencephalon becomes

Cerebrum

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Part of Prosencephalon

Diencephalon

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Myelencephalon becomes

Medulla

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Contains Thalamus, Hypothalamus

Diencephalon

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Pons and Cerebellum

Metencephalon

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Melanocytes Function

Produce pigment for skin color.

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Chromaffin Cells Residence

Adrenal medulla

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Meissner's and Auerbach Plexus Function

Working with the enteric nervous system to regulate gut function.

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Neural Crest Influence

Gut structures

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Formation of CNS

Vesicular Sheen

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Neural Crest Derivations

Enteric Nervous System and Skin Cells (Melanocytes)

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