38 Questions
What is the name of the plate formed by the thickening of the ectoderm during embryonic development?
Neural plate
What initiates the process of ectodermal proliferation in the embryo?
Notochord releasing growth factors
What is the role of the neural groove in embryonic development?
To house the neural crest cells
Why does the neural plate begin to involute during development?
To initiate folding and specialization of cells
What is the term for the specialized cells that form along the edges of the neural folds?
Neural crest cells
Which structure secretes growth factors that stimulate ectodermal proliferation in early embryonic development?
Notochord
Which day do we start to see the formation of the neural plate?
Day 17
What is the role of folate in the context of neural tube development?
Synthesizing DNA and allowing cell replication
On which day is the neural tube completely formed?
Day 21
What happens when the anterior neuro pore fails to close due to a lack of folate?
Defects within the spinal cord
What structures fuse to form the complete neural tube during development?
Neural folds with each other
At what point during development do the neural crest cells begin to grow in relation to the fusion of the neural folds?
Before fusion
What is the approximate daily folate requirement during pregnancy to maintain the proliferative process for neural tube closure?
3-5 milligrams
Around which day of development does the posterior neural pore generally close?
Day 26
Which syndrome can result from an encephalocele that causes cystic renal dysplasia, polydactyly, and protrusion of brain and meningeal tissue in the occipital region?
Mekel Gruber syndrome
What process involves the formation of three vesicles in the neural tube, bulging out towards the cranial end?
Vesiculation
Which event occurs first in the process of neurulation?
Ectodermal proliferation
What is the role of folate in neural tube development?
Maintains proliferative process for neural tube closure
Which primary vesicles develop further by proliferating and specializing to form more vesicles?
Prosencephalon
What does the telencephalon become as part of brain development?
Cerebrum
Which structure is highlighted by the color maroon and forms part of the prosencephalon?
Diencephalon
What does the myelencephalon develop into as part of brain development?
Medulla
Which part of the brain consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus?
Diencephalon
Which structure eventually becomes the pons and cerebellum during brain development?
Metencephalon
What is the main function of melanocytes mentioned in the text?
Produce pigment for skin color
Where do chromaffin cells, which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, typically reside?
Adrenal medulla
What is the major function of the structures known as the Meissner's plexus and Auerbach plexus?
Working with the enteric nervous system
Which part of the body does the text mention being influenced by neural crest cell differentiation?
Gut structures
What is the process that the text describes for the development of the brain, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord?
Vesicular Sheen
Which structures are derived from neural crest cells according to the text?
Enteric Nervous System and Skin Cells
What is the role of chromaffin cells which are derived from neural crest cells?
Secretion of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Where do the structures Meissner's plexus and Auerbach plexus primarily reside?
Gut (Intestines)
What is the main function of melanocytes as mentioned in the text?
Synthesis of Pigment
What structures do neural crest cells NOT differentiate into according to the text?
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Which part of the body is influenced by neural crest cell differentiation according to the text?
Enteric Nervous System
What is the function of neural crest cells in relation to the adrenal medulla?
Secrete Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
What term describes the movement of neural crest cells to different locations in the body where they differentiate into specialized cell types?
Interkinetic Migration
What is a common function of structures derived from neural crest cells according to the text?
Nervous System Development
Test your knowledge on conditions like spina bifida cystica, spina bifida occulta, encephalocele, and related complications such as Arnold-Chiari type 2 malformation, Dandy-Walker syndrome, and tethered cord syndrome.
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