Spherical Mirrors and Image Formation
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Spherical Mirrors and Image Formation

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Questions and Answers

What happens to a ray of light when it travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium?

  • It speeds up and bends away from the normal.
  • It slows down and bends away from the normal.
  • It slows down and bends towards the normal. (correct)
  • It speeds up and bends towards the normal.

    • Which medium is considered optically denser?

  • A medium where light travels faster.
  • A medium with a lower refractive index.
  • A medium with no refractive index.
  • A medium with a higher refractive index. (correct)

    • If light enters from air to glass with a refractive index of 1.50, how does its speed change compared to the speed in vacuum?

  • The speed decreases to $2 imes 10^8$ m s–1. (correct)
  • The speed decreases to $2 imes 10^8$ m s–1. (correct)
  • The speed increases to $4 imes 10^8$ m s–1.
  • The speed remains constant at $3 imes 10^8$ m s–1.

    • When comparing kerosene, turpentine, and water, which medium allows light to travel the fastest?

    <p>Kerosene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a refractive index of 2.42 for diamond indicate?

    <p>Light travels slower in diamond than in air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the image formed by a convex mirror?

    <p>Erect and diminished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose are concave mirrors primarily used in vehicles?

    <p>To focus light into powerful parallel beams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When observing an object far from a convex mirror, how does the image's size change?

    <p>The image becomes smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application of concave mirrors is related to healthcare?

    <p>Dental examinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the position of the image as the object is moved further from a convex mirror?

    <p>It moves farther away from the focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal focus of a convex mirror represented by?

    <p>Letter F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the radius of curvature (R) and the focal length (f) of a spherical mirror?

    <p>R = 2f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding images formed by concave mirrors?

    <p>They can be real or virtual depending on the object's position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the distance between the pole and the principal focus of a spherical mirror represent?

    <p>The focal length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of spherical mirrors, what is the aperture defined as?

    <p>The diameter of the reflecting surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when light passes obliquely from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might someone fail to pick up a coin placed at the bottom of a bucket filled with water on their first attempt?

    <p>The light bending due to refraction alters their perception of the coin's position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 1 dioptre of power of a lens represent?

    <p>The inverse of the focal length of the lens in meters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a convex lens, if a real and inverted image of an object is formed at a distance of 50 cm from the lens, where must the object be placed for the image to be equal in size to the object?

    <p>50 cm from the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation occurs when gently pouring water into a shallow bowl with a coin at the bottom?

    <p>The coin appears raised above its actual position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power of a concave lens with a focal length of 2 m?

    <p>-0.5 dioptres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When viewing a straight line under a glass slab, what happens if the slab is placed at an angle to the line?

    <p>The line appears bent at the edges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lenses is NOT correct?

    <p>Virtual images cannot be produced by convex lenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does placing a glass slab normal to a line affect the observation of that line?

    <p>It does not significantly change the appearance of the line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula expresses the relationship between object distance, image distance, and focal length for a spherical mirror?

    <p>$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which observation is correct regarding light traveling in different media?

    <p>Light can change direction when crossing interfaces between media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of the refraction of light when viewed through a glass slab?

    <p>The path of light bends resulting in a visual distortion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scientific principle explains the optical phenomena observed during the activities with light and refraction?

    <p>Change of medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spherical Mirrors

    • Mirrors can be classified into concave and convex types, with distinct properties in image formation.
    • Principal Focus: In a convex mirror, the point where reflected rays appear to converge is termed the principal focus, denoted by F.
    • Focal Length: The distance from the mirror's pole to its principal focus is known as the focal length (f).
    • For spherical mirrors, the relationship between the radius of curvature (R) and focal length (f) is expressed as R = 2f.
    • The principal focus is located midway between the mirror's pole and the center of curvature.

    Image Formation by Concave Mirrors

    • Concave mirrors can produce real, inverted images or upright, virtual images depending on object positioning.
    • Common applications include torches, headlights, and shaving mirrors where larger images or parallel light beams are desired.
    • Dentists utilize concave mirrors for enhanced visibility of dental structures.

    Image Formation by Convex Mirrors

    • Convex mirrors always create virtual, diminished images that are upright, irrespective of the object's position.
    • As the object moves farther from the mirror, the image remains diminished and appears to move toward the focus.

    Refraction of Light

    • Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium to another at an angle, leading to a change in its direction.
    • When light moves from a rarer medium (e.g., air) to a denser medium (e.g., water), it bends toward the normal. Conversely, from dense to rare, it bends away from the normal.
    • The speed of light is higher in rarer media compared to denser ones.

    Practical Activities to Understand Refraction

    • Coin Activity: Observing a coin submerged in water illustrates the effect of refraction, where the coin appears raised.
    • Glass Slab Activity: Examining a straight line under a glass slab highlights refraction; the line appears bent at an angle but straight when viewed perpendicularly.

    Properties of Lenses

    • Lenses also play a role in focusing light, commonly seen in spectacles and magnifying glasses.
    • Lens systems can minimize image defects by combining multiple lenses, which is prevalent in optical devices like cameras and microscopes.

    Key Concepts

    • Light travels in straight lines and exhibits reflection and refraction properties.
    • Real and virtual images can be produced depending on the object's position relative to the mirror or lens.
    • Mirror Formula: The relationship among object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) is given by the formula ( \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} ).
    • The magnification indicates the ratio of the image height to the object height and is a key aspect of image analysis.

    Questions for Review

    • Light behavior during refraction: How does it behave when entering a new medium?
    • Speed of light calculations: Determines the speed in different materials based on refractive indices.
    • Understanding lens power: Definitions and calculations related to spherical lenses.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of spherical mirrors, specifically focusing on concave and convex types. It covers principles like principal focus, focal length, and how these mirrors form images under different conditions. Additionally, applications of concave mirrors in real-life scenarios are discussed.

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