Spektrum Biologi Chapter 10: Heredity & Genes

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Questions and Answers

I vilken process halveras antalet kromosomer i en cell?

  • Transkription
  • Replikation
  • Meios (correct)
  • Mitos

Vilket av följande beskriver bäst hur informationen i DNA används för att skapa proteiner?

  • DNA transkriberas till mRNA som sedan translateras till protein. (correct)
  • DNA modifieras till rRNA som sedan translateras till protein.
  • DNA replikeras till tRNA som sedan transkriberas till protein.
  • DNA translateras direkt till protein utan nÃ¥gon mellanliggande process.

Om en sjukdom ärvs könsbundet, vilket av följande är mest sannolikt?

  • Fler kvinnor än män drabbas.
  • BÃ¥de män och kvinnor drabbas i lika stor utsträckning.
  • Endast kvinnor kan vara bärare av anlaget.
  • Fler män än kvinnor drabbas. (correct)

Vad är den primära funktionen för en genbank?

<p>Att bevara genetisk mångfald och resurser för framtida forskning och bevarande. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är den grundläggande skillnaden mellan genteknik och bioteknik?

<p>Genteknik fokuserar på att förändra gener, medan bioteknik använder biologiska system för tekniska tillämpningar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilken av följande processer är mest direkt involverad i produktionen av proteiner?

<p>Translation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hur skiljer sig mitos från meios när det gäller kromosomantalet i dottercellerna?

<p>Mitos resulterar i dotterceller med samma antal kromosomer som modercellen, medan meios resulterar i hälften så många. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad kännetecknar en dominant anlag (dominant allele)?

<p>Den maskerar effekten av en recessiv anlag i heterozygot tillstånd. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilket av följande är ett exempel på en egenskap som primärt påverkas av miljön snarare än av genetiken?

<p>Språket en person talar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är en mutation?

<p>En förändring i DNA-sekvensen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a gene?

The fundamental, heritable unit of genetic information.

What is a chromosome?

A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

What is mitosis?

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

What is meiosis?

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

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What is a Punnett square (or korsningsschema)?

A diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross.

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What is a mutation?

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

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What is a dominant allele?

An allele that masks the effect of another allele.

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What is a recessive allele?

An allele whose effect is masked by a dominant allele.

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What is sex-linked inheritance (könsbundet arv)?

Inheritance of genes located on sex chromosomes.

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What is gene therapy (genterapi)?

The therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease.

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Study Notes

  • These notes cover heredity, genes, and biotechnology from chapter 10 of Spektrum Biologi.

Key Concepts to Understand

  • Understanding and applying concepts in new contexts is key.
  • Advanced reasoning skills are needed.
  • You need to showcase a developed understanding of the subject.

Core Knowledge Areas

  • Identify human sex cells (egg and sperm).
  • Explain the structure of the DNA molecule.
  • Detail the functions of DNA.
  • Describe the process of protein synthesis.
  • Define what constitutes a gene.
  • Provide examples of traits influenced by heredity.
  • Provide examples of traits influenced by the environment.
  • Explain the process and location of mitosis (regular cell division).
  • Explain the process and location of meiosis (reduction division).
  • Define dominant, recessive, and intermediate traits.
  • Detail the inheritance patterns of blood types.
  • Explain sex-linked inheritance and how it functions/is inherited.
  • Provide examples of sex-linked diseases or conditions.
  • Construct probable inheritance scenarios using Punnett squares.
  • Explain the causes of mutations and what makes them heritable.
  • Explain the cause of Down syndrome.
  • Define gene therapy.
  • Define breeding and refinement in biology.
  • Understand what gene banks are and their importance.
  • Explain the difference between biotechnology and genetic engineering.
  • Provide examples of the applications of biotechnology.
  • Provide examples of the applications of genetic engineering.
  • Reason about the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of genetic engineering.
  • Define genetically modified organisms.

Key Terms

  • Genetics
  • DNA
  • Nitrogenous base
  • Gene
  • Protein
  • Ribosome
  • Chromosome
  • Mitosis (regular cell division)
  • Meiosis (reduction division)
  • Punnett square
  • Mutation
  • Dominant trait
  • Recessive trait
  • Sex-linked inheritance
  • Gene therapy
  • Breeding
  • Refinement
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetic engineering
  • Genetically modified organisms (GMO)

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