40 Questions
What is the main purpose of the pre-writing stage in speech writing?
To research and gather information
What is the first part of a scripted speech?
The Heading/Title
What is the purpose of the introduction in a scripted speech?
To heighten the interest of the audience
Why is it important to research in the pre-writing stage?
To gather information to support the speech
What is included in the Heading/Title of a scripted speech?
The subject, date, venue, and speaker's name
What is the purpose of the Salutation in a scripted speech?
To acknowledge and appreciate members of the audience
What should the Introduction do in a scripted speech?
Heighten the interest of the audience
Why is it important to know who the dignitaries are in the audience?
To acknowledge them in the Salutation
What is one way to catch the audience's attention?
Raising a rhetorical question
What is the purpose of using discourse markers in a speech?
To link or connect thoughts
What is one characteristic of a good conclusion?
It should be strong
What is one thing the body of a speech should be written in?
Clear language
What is the purpose of summarizing the main points in a conclusion?
To give clues that the speech is ending
What is one way to ensure the objectives of a speech are achievable?
By writing the body in clear language
What is speech making according to Oloruntoba-Oju and Alabi (2013)?
The act of delivering an address to an audience
What should be avoided in a speech?
Using ambiguous expressions
What is a characteristic of speech making according to the text?
False-starts, hesitation, and vocabulary grope
What is a type of speech that is delivered with no forethought?
Impromptu speech
What is the difference between speech writing and speech making?
Speech writing has more vocabulary, precision, and coherence
What is the importance of non-verbal cues in speech making?
They substitute, contradict, and complement spoken words
What is a factor that affects the method of speech delivery?
The audience, occasion, context, or situation of the speech
What is a characteristic of lectures given through virtual means?
The audience is not physically present
What is a consequence of performative instability in speech making?
False-starts, hesitation, and vocabulary grope
What is an aspect of communication in speech making?
Both verbal and non-verbal cues
What is the primary goal of impromptu speech?
To evaluate the speaker's competence
What is a characteristic of manuscript speech?
It is well-structured and thought-out
What is the main criticism of manuscript speech?
It is often boring and disallows eye-contact
What type of speech is in between impromptu and manuscript speech?
Extemporaneous speech
What is a benefit of extemporaneous speech?
It allows for audience contributions
Why is impromptu speech used to evaluate a person's competence?
Because it is spontaneous and shows the person's ability
What is the main difference between manuscript and extemporaneous speech?
Extemporaneous speech is more structured
What is a characteristic of impromptu speech?
It uses repetitive structures and vocal fillers
What is the advantage of using a defined speech outline in extemporaneous speech?
It ensures that no point is left out
What is the main disadvantage of memorised speech?
It does not encourage eye contact with the audience
What is the advantage of discussion speech?
It engages the audience raptly
What is the main purpose of audience analysis?
To ensure effective communication with the audience
What is the disadvantage of discussion speech?
It does not allow for extensive responses
What is the advantage of extemporaneous speech?
It allows for more flexibility in the delivery of the speech
What is the role of the anchor person in discussion speech?
To raise questions and expect answers from the panel
What is the disadvantage of memorised speech in terms of the audience?
It may lead to the audience being prodded into taking a particular action
Study Notes
Speech Writing Stages
- The pre-writing stage involves researching the topic, brainstorming ideas, and sourcing information through research, interviews, and surveys.
- The writing stage involves structuring the speech into five parts: heading/title, salutation, introduction, body, and conclusion.
Scripted Speech Structure
- The heading/title includes the subject, date, venue, occasion, and speaker's name, with no full stop at the end.
- The salutation acknowledges and appreciates the audience, listing dignitaries from most senior to junior.
- The introduction should be concise, draw the audience's attention, and serve as a preview of the body of the speech.
- The body should be written in clear language, with thoughts arranged in chronological order, using discourse and cohesive markers to link ideas.
- The conclusion should summarize the main points, use rhetorical questions, popular sayings, or memorable quotes, and end on a strong note.
Speech Making Peculiarities
- Audience presence or absence affects speech delivery.
- Immediacy of feedback allows for immediate responses from the audience.
- Locutionary range is limited in speech making compared to writing.
- Performative instability includes false-starts, hesitation, and performance slips.
- Topic instability occurs when topics change during speech.
- Extra-linguistic and paralinguistic reinforcement involves using non-verbal cues to support spoken words.
Speech Delivery Modes
- Impromptu speech is delivered without prior preparation, often spontaneous, and lacks a coherent structure.
- Manuscript speech is a written text, organized and thought-out, but may be boring and lack audience engagement.
- Extemporaneous speech uses a defined speech outline, engages the audience, and allows for flexibility.
- Memorized speech can be impressive, but lacks eye contact, and may lead to brain-blocks.
- Discussion speech involves deliberation between an anchor person and respondents, engaging the audience but may be time-bound and allow for discourse interruptions.
Audience Analysis
- The audience is the decoder of speech, and a successful speech effectively communicates its intentions to the audience.
Learn about the stages involved in the speech writing process, including research and writing. Understand how to effectively communicate with your audience and structure your speech.
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