Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the speech writing process?
What is the first step in the speech writing process?
Which characteristic of a speech topic ensures it is relevant to the current context?
Which characteristic of a speech topic ensures it is relevant to the current context?
What type of information should be gathered to better analyze your audience?
What type of information should be gathered to better analyze your audience?
How does a speaker benefit from having an interesting topic?
How does a speaker benefit from having an interesting topic?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of audience analysis?
Which of the following is NOT a type of audience analysis?
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Why is it important to adapt your speech to the audience's needs?
Why is it important to adapt your speech to the audience's needs?
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Which of the following words describes a topic that sparks curiosity and discussion among the audience?
Which of the following words describes a topic that sparks curiosity and discussion among the audience?
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What is the key characteristic of code switching?
What is the key characteristic of code switching?
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What defines code shifting compared to code switching?
What defines code shifting compared to code switching?
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What is the main purpose of an expository speech?
What is the main purpose of an expository speech?
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Which of the following is an example of a gap filler?
Which of the following is an example of a gap filler?
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Which type of speech is primarily delivered without prior preparation?
Which type of speech is primarily delivered without prior preparation?
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What is circumlocution?
What is circumlocution?
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Which element is essential in creating transitions within a speech?
Which element is essential in creating transitions within a speech?
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When delivering a persuasive speech, which of the following should be structured?
When delivering a persuasive speech, which of the following should be structured?
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In which context does intrapersonal communication occur?
In which context does intrapersonal communication occur?
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How many participants are involved in group communication?
How many participants are involved in group communication?
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What is a key characteristic of a speech of demonstration?
What is a key characteristic of a speech of demonstration?
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What differentiates public communication from mass communication?
What differentiates public communication from mass communication?
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In a persuasive speech, what are claims of fact?
In a persuasive speech, what are claims of fact?
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Which type of communication typically involves two distinct participants?
Which type of communication typically involves two distinct participants?
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Which speech type mainly focuses on defining a concept?
Which speech type mainly focuses on defining a concept?
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What is the function of using non-verbal cues in communication?
What is the function of using non-verbal cues in communication?
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What does a clincher do in the conclusion of a speech?
What does a clincher do in the conclusion of a speech?
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Which of the following is characteristic of a manuscript speech?
Which of the following is characteristic of a manuscript speech?
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What is the purpose of an appeal for help in communication?
What is the purpose of an appeal for help in communication?
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What is the primary objective of an inspirational speech?
What is the primary objective of an inspirational speech?
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How should effective impromptu speeches be structured for clarity?
How should effective impromptu speeches be structured for clarity?
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What is the role of supporting details in the body of a speech?
What is the role of supporting details in the body of a speech?
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What kind of questions does a speech of explanation typically address?
What kind of questions does a speech of explanation typically address?
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What is a characteristic of a good audio-visual presentation aid?
What is a characteristic of a good audio-visual presentation aid?
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Which type of listening focuses on identifying truths from fallacies?
Which type of listening focuses on identifying truths from fallacies?
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What mistake is commonly made regarding listening and hearing?
What mistake is commonly made regarding listening and hearing?
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Which of the following is an example of an audio presentation aid?
Which of the following is an example of an audio presentation aid?
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What is a common misconception about the nature of listening?
What is a common misconception about the nature of listening?
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What is the ideal approach regarding the use of colors in a presentation?
What is the ideal approach regarding the use of colors in a presentation?
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Which type of listening is used when you listen to learn new information?
Which type of listening is used when you listen to learn new information?
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Which of the following is an effective listening habit?
Which of the following is an effective listening habit?
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What type of presentation aid combines both visual and auditory elements?
What type of presentation aid combines both visual and auditory elements?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of listening mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of listening mentioned?
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What percentage of communication activities do college students typically spend on listening?
What percentage of communication activities do college students typically spend on listening?
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What is the primary purpose of using presentation aids during speeches?
What is the primary purpose of using presentation aids during speeches?
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How should text be presented in an effective slide?
How should text be presented in an effective slide?
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Which type of listening involves understanding and empathizing with a speaker's feelings?
Which type of listening involves understanding and empathizing with a speaker's feelings?
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What is the primary focus of a claim of policy?
What is the primary focus of a claim of policy?
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Which persuasive strategy appeals to the audience's emotions?
Which persuasive strategy appeals to the audience's emotions?
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What type of fallacy occurs when an argument attacks the character of the opponent?
What type of fallacy occurs when an argument attacks the character of the opponent?
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What does Argumentum ad Verecundiam rely on?
What does Argumentum ad Verecundiam rely on?
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Which fallacy misleads by assuming a conclusion based solely on the lack of evidence?
Which fallacy misleads by assuming a conclusion based solely on the lack of evidence?
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What is an example of a Fallacy of Post Hoc; Ergo, Propter Hoc?
What is an example of a Fallacy of Post Hoc; Ergo, Propter Hoc?
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Which fallacy exploits feelings of pity to validate an argument?
Which fallacy exploits feelings of pity to validate an argument?
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What does the bandwagon mentality imply in an argument?
What does the bandwagon mentality imply in an argument?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of logos?
Which of the following is a characteristic of logos?
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What is the potential risk of using logical fallacies in arguments?
What is the potential risk of using logical fallacies in arguments?
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What type of questioning leads to a potentially misleading assumption?
What type of questioning leads to a potentially misleading assumption?
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Which rhetorical strategy involves the use of personal experiences in persuasion?
Which rhetorical strategy involves the use of personal experiences in persuasion?
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What is an example of argumentum ad verecundiam?
What is an example of argumentum ad verecundiam?
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When someone says, 'Since no one has proven aliens don’t exist, they must be real,' what fallacy is being used?
When someone says, 'Since no one has proven aliens don’t exist, they must be real,' what fallacy is being used?
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Which speech act is primarily concerned with the impact of a message on the receiver?
Which speech act is primarily concerned with the impact of a message on the receiver?
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What is a common irritating gesture when communicating?
What is a common irritating gesture when communicating?
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What does the illocutionary act critically analyze?
What does the illocutionary act critically analyze?
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Which of the following is not a component of the locutionary act?
Which of the following is not a component of the locutionary act?
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What best defines 'directives' in speech acts?
What best defines 'directives' in speech acts?
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Which communication strategy entails stopping the conversation to avoid saying something regrettable?
Which communication strategy entails stopping the conversation to avoid saying something regrettable?
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Which strategy is characterized by changing the topic away from an uncomfortable issue?
Which strategy is characterized by changing the topic away from an uncomfortable issue?
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What are representatives designed to do in the context of speech acts?
What are representatives designed to do in the context of speech acts?
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What is the innocent-sounding statement that might compromise the meaning when translated literally from one language to another?
What is the innocent-sounding statement that might compromise the meaning when translated literally from one language to another?
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Which of the following strategies indicates a lack of specific vocabulary by using vague terms?
Which of the following strategies indicates a lack of specific vocabulary by using vague terms?
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In the context of speech acts, what is the main function of expressives?
In the context of speech acts, what is the main function of expressives?
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Which act is most closely associated with naming or changing the status of an entity?
Which act is most closely associated with naming or changing the status of an entity?
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Which term describes when a speaker invents a word based on their understanding of language rules?
Which term describes when a speaker invents a word based on their understanding of language rules?
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What communication strategy combines elements of a native language with a target language in the same sentence?
What communication strategy combines elements of a native language with a target language in the same sentence?
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What should a speaker take into account when analyzing their audience's demographic profile?
What should a speaker take into account when analyzing their audience's demographic profile?
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How should a speaker adjust their speech based on the audience's level of knowledge about a topic?
How should a speaker adjust their speech based on the audience's level of knowledge about a topic?
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What is crucial for creating an engaging introduction during a speech?
What is crucial for creating an engaging introduction during a speech?
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What is the significance of understanding group membership in audience analysis?
What is the significance of understanding group membership in audience analysis?
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What should a speaker do if their audience consists of captive listeners?
What should a speaker do if their audience consists of captive listeners?
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What is the purpose of psychographic analysis in audience research?
What is the purpose of psychographic analysis in audience research?
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What does the SPEECH acronym emphasize in speech preparation?
What does the SPEECH acronym emphasize in speech preparation?
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How can a speaker effectively outline their speech?
How can a speaker effectively outline their speech?
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Why is it important to know what the audience already knows about the speaker?
Why is it important to know what the audience already knows about the speaker?
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What factor should influence the speech content when considering the occasion?
What factor should influence the speech content when considering the occasion?
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Which strategy is effective for capturing audience attention in the introduction?
Which strategy is effective for capturing audience attention in the introduction?
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What does 'voluntary audience' refer to in the context of situational analysis?
What does 'voluntary audience' refer to in the context of situational analysis?
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What component is essential to include in the introduction of a speech?
What component is essential to include in the introduction of a speech?
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Study Notes
Speech Writing Principles
- Effective speech delivery hinges on careful planning and preparation.
- Four key stages: Choosing a Topic, Analyzing Your Audience, Sourcing Information, and Outlining/Organizing Your Speech.
Choosing a Topic
- Selecting a topic requires consideration of three key characteristics:
- Timely: Relevant to the current moment, offering useful insights to the audience, and raising pertinent questions.
- Relatable: Familiar to the audience (at least somewhat), a topic they are invested in and discussing, including aspects from politics, religion, economics, and health.
- Interesting: Captivating to you as the speaker, motivating you to create a compelling speech. Lack of personal interest diminishes speech quality.
Analyzing Your Audience
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Comprehensive audience analysis is crucial for crafting a message that resonates with their needs.
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Research your audience's profile for tailored messaging.
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Three key types of analysis:
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Demographic:
- General profile (age, gender, culture, religion, education level, occupation, group membership).
- Knowing these characteristics aids in conveying your message effectively.
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Psychographic:
- Perceptions, values, opinions, attitudes, beliefs, interests/needs, knowledge level/existing notions regarding the topic, stance on the topic (favorable, oppositional, indifferent), pre-existing notions about the speaker.
- Knowing this allows you to tailor your speech to their pre-existing views and possible reactions.
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Situational:
- Environment/setting (size of audience, occasion, voluntary vs. captive audience, physical setting).
- Understanding this dimension ensures effective and engaging delivery.
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Demographic:
Sourcing Information
- Essential for developing a strong speech.
- Acronym SPEECH:
- Seek Reliable References (journals, magazines, websites, etc.)
- Provide Supporting Information (evidence, examples)
- Extract Important Points
- Ethical Information Must be Sought
- Cite Sources (avoid plagiarism)
- Start with Good Note-Taking
Organizing Your Speech
- Defining the purpose (inform, persuade, motivate, entertain).
- Identifying the specific purpose (main idea, key points).
- Developing key points with supporting details and evidence.
Parts of a Speech
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Introduction:
- Attention-getting strategies (rhetorical questions, quotes, anecdotes, startling statements, narratives).
- Preview of main points, clear purpose statement, directing the audience.
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Body:
- Main points supported by examples, evidence, arguments, and illustrations.
- Use clear transitions between ideas.
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Conclusion:
- Summarization of key points.
- Insight into the implications of the topic.
- Thought-provoking or memorable statement.
Speech Types
- Purpose-Based: Expository (inform), Inspirational (motivate), Persuasive (convince), Special Occasion (honor).
- Delivery-Based: Manuscript (prepared), Memorized, Impromptu, Extemporaneous.
Speech Types (Specific)
- Expository: to inform and educate.
- Definition: to explain what something is.
- Demonstration/Process: to explain how something works.
- Description: to use the senses to describe something.
- Explanation: to explain why something is the way it is.
Persuasive Speeches
- Types of Claims: Fact, Value, Policy
- Persuasive Strategies: Ethos (credibility), Pathos (emotion), Logos (logic)
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Logical Fallacies: Avoid using:
- Ad Hominem (attacking the person, not the argument),
- Ad Verecundiam (appealing to authority),
- Ad Misericordiam (appealing to pity),
- Ad Populum (bandwagon),
- Ad Ignorantiam (absence of proof=truth),
- Post Hoc (cause-effect fallacy),
- Complex Question,
- Petitio Principii.
Presentation Aids
- Types: Visual (charts, slides, models), Audio (recordings), Audio-Visual (DVDs, YouTube)
- Advantages: aids learning, captures attention, guides delivery, serves as memory aid, sustains interest
- Guidelines: Relevant, appropriate, appealing, readable, varied, avoid clutter and distractions.
Listening
- Types: Discriminative, Comprehension, Critical, Evaluative, Informative, Biased, Appreciative, Sympathetic, Empathic, Therapeutic, Dialogic, Relationship.
- Effective Listening Habits: Active listening, controlling environment, open mind, listen for main points, provide feedback, deal with lag time, listen between the lines, objective evaluation, avoid interrupting.
Speech Acts
- Levels: Locutionary (surface meaning), Illocutionary (intended meaning), Perlocutionary (effect on receiver)
- Types: Representatives (stating facts), Directives (requesting), Commissives (promising), Expressives (expressing emotion), Declarations (changing reality).
Communication Strategies
- Message Abandonment: Stopping talking.
- Topic Avoidance: Changing the topic.
- Use of All-Purpose Words: Using vague terms.
- Word Coinage: Inventing words.
- Literal Translation: Word-for-word translation.
- Foreignizing: Pronouncing words as if foreign.
- Code-Switching: Combining languages within a sentence.
- Use of Fillers: Using unnecessary words to stall.
- Circumlocution: Describing something instead of naming it.
- Approximation: Using similar or related words.
- Appeal for Help: Asking for assistance.
Speech Contexts
- Intrapersonal: Self-talk (one person).
- Interpersonal: Two people.
- Group: Three or more people.
- Public: One to many.
- Mass: One to many using a medium.
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Description
Explore the essential principles of effective speech writing and delivery. This quiz covers four key stages: choosing a topic, analyzing your audience, sourcing information, and organizing your speech. Understand how to create captivating and relevant messages tailored to your audience.
