Speech Writing and Delivery: Module 5

• Module 5 focuses on speech writing and delivery.
• Careful prep and presentation are needed for success in public speaking.
• The module aims to help understand the principles of speech preparation and delivery.

Elements of Effective Public Speaking

• Preparation is essential
• Choose suitable material
• Organize material appropriately
• Rehearse adequately
• Build confidence
• Pay attention to style, content, speaking manner, appearance, and what to say
• Being effective speakers will help achieve prominence in communication
• Influence people to be better mediators

Most Essential Learning Competencies

• Audience profile is important considerations for speech writing and delivery
• Logical organization must be considered
• Duration must be considered when delivering a speech
• Word choice must be carefully considered
• Grammatical correctness is an important consideration
• Articulation must be considered
• Modulation must be considered
• Stage presence must be considered
• Facial expression, gesture, and movements during speech delivery must be considered.
• Developing audience rapport during delivery is essential

Specific Objectives

• Determine the process of speech preparation
• Identify the principles of speech writing and delivery
• Identify the types of speech according to purpose and manner of delivery

Speech Writing Process

• Writing a speech involves several steps that form a recursive, not necessarily linear or chronological, process.
• These writing steps include:
  • Conducting target audience analysis
  • Determining speech intent/purpose
  • Selecting a specific topic
  • Narrowing down topic
  • Gathering data
  • Selecting a specific speech pattern
  • Preparing an outline
  • Creating the body, introduction, and conclusion

Principles of Speech Writing

• Choosing a Topic:
  • Select a topic of existing knowledge or easy research
  • Inventory existing knowledge
  • Update statistical data or locate additional examples for knowledge
  • Select familiar topics to increase self-confidence
  • A general subject needs narrowing to a manageable size by fitting its breadth to speaking time.
• Consider the specific expectations of audience:
  • Group traditions
  • Meeting purpose
  • Context demands
• Gauge topic depth to comprehension level of audience
• Narrowing down a topic means making a main idea focused and specific.
• Analyzing the Audience and Occasion
  • Reflect interests while remaining responsive to preferences/values of the target audience
  • Audience analysis provides profile including:
    • Demography (age, gender ratio, education, nationality, economic status, affiliations)
    • Situation (time, venue, occasion, size)
    • Psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural/racial ideologies, needs)
• Audience analysis is essential

Sourcing Information

• Assemble information/ideas to support claim or central idea
• Assess information, reflect knowledge, investigate where information can be found, then obtain.
• Gather information to develop/expand/reinforce knowledge in every speech situation.
• Talk to friends, local experts checks perceptions
• Six types of supporting materials are regularly used:
  • Explanations
  • Comparisons and contrast
  • Illustrations and narratives
  • Specific Instances
  • Statistics
  • Testimony

Supporting Material Checklist

• Have sufficient material been included?
• Are supporting material throughout speech?
• Is there extra support for confusing topics?
• Are supporting materials engaging and clear?
• Are all supporting materials adequately sourced?
• Are all explanations used short and direct?
• Are additional forms of support provided with explanations?
• Is the basis of comparisons clear?
• Is the contrast distinct?
• Is there something familiar in the comparison or contrast for the listeners?
• Is each illustration or narrative clearly linked to the idea it aimed
• Are these illustrations or narratives typical?
• Are illustrations and narratives vivid and detailed accurately?
• Have specific instances being provided enough?
• Are the specific instances understandable and recognizable by the listeners?
• Are instances easy to understand
• Have complex numbers been properly rounded?
• Are visual aids being considered to simplify numbers?
• Are statistics being used fairly?
• Have statistics cited being interpreted for listeners?
• Is the authority qualified to comment of topic?
• Is statement issued by authority based on first-hand knowledge?
• Is opinions issued by authority subjected to persona influence or bias?
• Do listeners know the authority's qualifications?
• Will listeners accept the authority as an authority?

Outlining and Organizing Speech

• An outline is a hierarchical list displaying the relationship between ideas
• A completed outline means two-thirds of the speech writing is done.
• Outline’s elements: introduction, body, conclusion
• There are suggested formats.

Table Format example

• Purpose: To persuade
• Specific Purpose: Persuade community to reduce, reuse, recycle
• Topic: Promoting the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling to eliminate wastes
• Pattern: Problem-solution
• Introduction: Current environment situation and speech message
• Body: Discussing how improper waste disposal becomes environmental problem
• Conclusion: Restate purpose and call to action.

List Format Example

• Alarming increase of waste in the community
• Natural calamities are faced if no action is taken
• Talk about how to eliminate wastes and protect the environment
• Improper waste disposal results to environmental problems
• Implement action supported by the local government
• Lessons must be learned from natural calamities

Writing Patterns

• Structures help organize ideas related to the topic
• Examples:
  • Biographical
  • Categorical/Topical
  • Causal
  • Chronological
  • Comparison/Contrast
  • Problem-Solution
  • Spatial

Delivery Principles

• Articulation: Clear pronunciation and diction that effectively transmits message
• Modulation: Adjusting tone of voice to keep audience interested.
• Stage Presence: Connecting with audience.
• Stage fright: The topmost fear when speaking in public.

Ways to manage Public Speaking Fears

• Realize that nervousness is normal and sometimes beneficial.
• Confidence born of knowledge: Knowing the subject helps control nervousness.
• Tension can be physiologically reduced.
• Audiences listen for a number of reason.

Audiences listen if:

• It concerns their health, happiness or security
• It offers a solution to a issue
• It is surrounded by controversy or conflicting opinions
• It provides information on a misunderstood issue

How to Gain Audience

• Share humor

Types of Speech According to Purpose

• Speech created based on purpose
• Informative
  • Provides clear understanding of concept/idea
  • Example: COVID-19: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
• Entertainment
  • Provides amusement
  • Example: Entertain Grade 11 with success stories of people in the community
• Persuasive -Provides well-argued ideas to influence beliefs/decisions
  • Example: Investing more in healthcare

Manner of Delivery

• Impromptu: Delivered with little preparation and reliant on previous knowledge/skill.
  • Speaking Situations:
    • Events where asked to say a few words
    • First day at work, in class, or during an interview
  • Tips:
    • Focus on a single idea
    • Plan the speech in the pause before speaking
    • State plan briefly and deliver with consideration for the audience
    • Showing gratitude for being given the time to speak.
• Extemporaneous: Require planning and outline.
  • Speaking situations:
    • Political elections
    • Report in class
  • Tips:
    • Create an outline and organize points logically
    • Use facts and examples
    • Manage time using rehearsing

Manuscript

• Speaker will reads it from a manuscript
• Speaking situations examples: newscasting with teleprompter, legal proceedings, reading rules and criteria.
• Public figures, media personalities, and spokespersons for organizations all can benefit.
  • Potential Problems:
  • Skipping practice
  • Fail to establish rapport due to only focusing on delivering the content
  • Disregard to audidence

Tips for Using the Manuscript Method

• Preparing text
• Triple text spacing
  • Use Markup
• Highlighting keywords during speech
  • Practice
• Concentrating and keeping eye contact
• Repracticing
• Create an outline and organize points logically
• Use facts and examples
• Manage time using rehearsing

Memorized

• Is written out word for word and committed to memory
• Speaking situations: stage play, declamation, oratory.
• Exact repetition of manuscript words, allows movement advantages.
• Monotone speaking, rushing Past Ideas, stage fright, hindered memory disadvantages.