Questions and Answers
What are models and theories?
What systems are included in the system of speech production and perception?
Respiration, phonation, articulation, audition, nervous system
What is a theory?
A statement about a particular phenomenon, incorporating underlying principles, facts, and assumptions
Theories can change because research changes our knowledge regarding these underlying principles, facts, and assumptions. These changes in ______ affect our practices based which are based on current ______.
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What can models used in theories be?
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A model is a simplification of a system that can be manipulated in a controlled manner.
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What do target models describe?
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What do spatial models posit?
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What is the goal of the acoustic-auditory model?
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What is emphasized in the more recent target model presented by Perkell, et al (1995)?
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What is the ultimate goal of articulatory movements?
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What are the goals of speech production defined as?
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What is feedback used for in speech?
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What is the gamma loop?
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Which of the following are stages of feedback motor control?
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What does stage 1 of feedback motor control involve?
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Feedback alone can explain speech motor control.
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How are feedback signals used in speech?
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What are feedforward programs used in?
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How does feedback control assist young children?
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When do feedforward motor programs become primary?
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What does action theory involve?
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Study Notes
Models & Theories of Speech Production
- Models and theories are tools for understanding and predicting behaviors within speech production systems.
- Speech production systems are complex, consisting of subsystems like respiration, phonation, articulation, audition, and the nervous system.
Theories
- Theories provide explanations for observable data and predict related events.
- They evolve as new research alters our knowledge of principles, facts, and assumptions, which can impact practices in speech production.
Models in Theories
- Models can be mechanical, physiological, mathematical, or computer-based.
- A model simplifies a system for controlled experimentation, leading to various theories of speech production.
Target Models
- Target models view speech as a pursuit of spatial or acoustic-auditory objectives.
- Spatial models suggest an internal map of the vocal tract in the brain to guide articulator movements.
- Acoustic-auditory models focus on achieving certain sound outputs, adjusting based on surrounding sounds, speech rate, and stress patterns.
Recent Developments
- Perkell et al. (1995) proposed a target model combining articulatory and acoustic objectives to explain phonemic aspects of speech.
- The primary aim of articulatory movements is to create acoustic patterns that communicate effectively to listeners.
Feedback Mechanisms
- Feedback models utilize sensory information to identify and correct speech errors.
- The gamma loop is a neural mechanism facilitating feedback operations during speech.
Stages of Feedback Motor Control
- Movement errors are detected by contrasting intended goals with actual performance using sensory feedback.
- Feedback alone cannot account for rapid speech motor control, as responses are often too slow.
Real-Time Adjustments
- Feedback signals allow for immediate articulatory corrections during speech.
- Learning speech's acoustic and articulatory links relies on feedback control and sensory input.
Role of Feedforward
- Feedforward motor programs become predominant as speech develops, with learned commands guiding performance.
- Action theory emphasizes the flexible coordination of muscle groups for speech production, permitting compensatory movements when necessary.
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Description
Dive into Chapter 13 on Models and Theories of Speech Production. This quiz covers essential tools and systems that enable our understanding of the complexities involved in speech production and perception, discussing various subsystems like respiration, phonation, and articulation.