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Questions and Answers
What is the main vibratory source of the True Vocal Fold?
The Thyroarytenoid muscle is responsible for opening the vocal folds.
False
What is the term for the process of closing the vocal folds for phonation?
Adduction
The rate of vibration through the air column is determined by the length and configuration of the _______________________.
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Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:
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What is the term for the degree of stretching force in the vocal folds?
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The infrahyoid muscles are responsible for elevating the larynx.
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What is the purpose of the valsalva maneuver?
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The process of tissue returning to its original shape after displacement is known as _________________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Phonation and Resonance
- Phonation involves the rapid opening and closing of vocal folds to produce vocal/glottal tone by periodically interrupting the airstream.
- Resonance is determined by the rate of vibration through the air column, which is influenced by the length and configuration of the cavities.
Source-Filter Theory
- The voicing source is generated by the vocal folds and routed through the vocal tract to shape into sounds of speech.
True Vocal Fold Anatomy
- The cover of the true vocal fold consists of: • Epithelium layer (protection) • Superficial lamina propria (vibrating area, elastin fibers randomly arranged) • Intermediate lamina propria (mix of elastin and collagen, front/back stretch)
- The body of the true vocal fold consists of: • Deep lamina propria (supportive layer, collagen fibers) • Thyroarytenoid muscle (structural support, composed of muscle fibers)
Laryngeal Anatomy
- Anterior commissure: the anteriormost opening, posterior to the angle from the thyroid cartilage
- Posterior commissure: the space between the arytenoid cartilages
- Glottis: the space between the true vocal folds
- Sub-glottis: the area below the true vocal folds
- Supra-glottis: the area above the true vocal folds
- Aditus: the entry to the larynx from the pharynx above
- Vallecula: a mucosa-lined depression between the base of the tongue and epiglottis
Vocal Fold Movement
- Adduction: closing the vocal folds for phonation
- Abduction: opening the vocal folds for phonation
- Medical compression: the extent of force with which the vocal folds are brought together at midline
- Longitudinal tension: the degree of stretching force
Glottal Cycle
- A single vocal fold vibratory cycle, consisting of:
- Open
- Open phase
- Closing
- Closed phase
Muscles and Reflexes
- Infrahyoid muscles: laryngeal depressors (sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid)
- Suprahyoid muscles: laryngeal elevators (digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and genioglossus)
- Fibroelastic membrane: a membranous cover of the larynx
- Abdominal fixation (valsalva maneuver): capturing air within the thorax to provide the muscles with a structure upon which to push or pull
- Coughing: a larynx reflex that involves rapid inspiration, closing of vocal folds, and forceful air expulsion
- Throat clearing: a larynx reflex driven by tightening laryngeal musculature and building up subglottal pressure
Phonation Theories
- Myoelastic-aerodynamic theory: explains how vocal fold vibration is initiated and maintained during phonation • Myoelastic: muscle controls configuration and elastic recoil influences vibration characteristics of VF • Aerodynamic: interchange between pressure and flow at critical sites facilitates open/closing phases of VF vibration
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of speech production, including phonation, resonance, and the source-filter theory. It explores the role of vocal folds and the vocal tract in shaping speech sounds.
