Questions and Answers
What is the correct definition of a citation form?
What results from joining 2 or more words together to create an utterance?
Connected speech form
What is the manner of speaking that can range from formal to casual?
Speaking Style
What form of speech characterizes a particular social group?
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Which of the following promotes the needs of the listener?
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Which speech style favors the needs of the speaker?
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What is the term for when a sound is adapted to its phonetic context?
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What is the purpose of coarticulation?
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Coarticulation impacts speech production.
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What happens when an articulator does not reach its target position due to insufficient time?
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Which syllable structure does coarticulation tend to be stronger within?
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What is the result of coarticulation that leads to neighboring sounds becoming similar?
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What is the term for the omission of a sound due to a specific phonetic context?
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What term describes the addition of a sound in words?
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What is metathesis?
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What happens to vowels during vowel reduction?
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Study Notes
Speech Forms and Styles
- Citation Form: Individual words pronounced clearly and deliberately.
- Connected Speech Form: Transition between two or more words to create fluid utterances.
- Speaking Style: Varies from formal, careful articulation to casual, informal speech.
Sociolect and Speech Styles
- Sociolect: Speech characteristics defining a specific social group’s language use.
- Formal Speech Style: Minimizes coarticulation; designed for listener comprehension.
- Casual Speech Style: More relaxed coarticulation; prioritizes ease for the speaker.
Coarticulation
- Definition: Variations of speech sounds influenced by adjacent sounds.
- Purpose: Enhances speech efficiency and rapidity, producing overlapping sound characteristics.
- Clinical Importance: Understanding coarticulation helps recognize normal speech variations in children, guiding treatment choices.
Articulation Mechanics
- Articulation in Action: Involves multiple coordinated gestures including the jaw, tongue, and lips.
- Articulatory Undershoot: Incomplete movement of articulators due to time constraints, affecting both vowels and consonants.
Coarticulation and Syllables
- Stronger Coarticulation: More pronounced within syllables than at their boundaries, aiding auditory perception of syllables.
Influence of Consonants and Vowels
- Vowel Influence: Vowels shape the articulation of neighboring consonants and other vowels.
- Consonant Influence: Consonants similarly impact the articulation of adjacent vowels, especially at greater distances.
Coarticulation and Assimilation
- Universality: Coarticulation occurs in all languages, essential for natural speech flow.
- Assimilation: A result of coarticulation, leading to neighboring sounds becoming more alike.
Types of Assimilation
- Contact Assimilation: Direct adjacent sounds influence each other.
- Remote Assimilation: Non-adjacent sounds modify one another.
- Partial Assimilation: Resulting sound is similar but not identical to the source.
- Total Assimilation: Changed sound becomes identical to the influencing sound.
- Progressive Assimilation: Sounds interact forward, altering the following sound.
- Regressive Assimilation: Sounds interact backward, affecting the preceding sound.
Other Speech Processes
- Elision: Omission of sounds due to phonetic contexts, occurring within or across words.
- Epenthesis: Insertion of sounds due to coarticulation, dialectical differences, or speech disorders.
- Metathesis: Rearrangement of sounds in a word caused by speech slips or variations.
- Vowel Reduction: Vowels shift towards the mid-central vowel /ə/ in connected speech.
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Description
Test your understanding of different speech forms, styles, and coarticulation mechanisms in language. Explore how sociolects and articulation impact communication across social groups. This quiz will help reinforce key concepts related to speech efficiency and styles.
