Spectroscopy: Types and Techniques

Spectroscopy

Definition

Spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to measure the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

Types of Spectroscopy

• UV-Vis Spectroscopy: measures the absorption of UV and visible light by molecules, used to determine the concentration of a substance.
• IR Spectroscopy: measures the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules, used to identify functional groups in a molecule.
• NMR Spectroscopy: measures the interaction between atomic nuclei and magnetic fields, used to determine the structure of molecules.
• Mass Spectroscopy: measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions, used to identify and quantify molecules.

Applications

• Identification and quantification of molecules
• Determination of molecular structure
• Analysis of chemical reactions
• Quality control in industries

Chromatography

Definition

Chromatography is a separation technique used to separate, identify, and quantify the components of a mixture.

Types of Chromatography

• Liquid Chromatography (LC): separates components based on their interaction with a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
• Gas Chromatography (GC): separates components based on their boiling points and affinity for a stationary phase.
• Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): separates components based on their affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): a type of LC that uses high pressure and a stationary phase to separate components.

Applications

• Separation and purification of mixtures
• Identification and quantification of components
• Analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological samples
• Quality control in industries

Spectroscopy

Definition

• Measures interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation

Types of Spectroscopy

• UV-Vis Spectroscopy: measures absorption of UV and visible light, determines concentration of a substance
• IR Spectroscopy: measures absorption of infrared radiation, identifies functional groups in a molecule
• NMR Spectroscopy: measures interaction between atomic nuclei and magnetic fields, determines molecular structure
• Mass Spectroscopy: measures mass-to-charge ratio of ions, identifies and quantifies molecules

Applications

• Identifies and quantifies molecules
• Determines molecular structure
• Analyzes chemical reactions
• Ensures quality control in industries

Chromatography

Definition

• Separates, identifies, and quantifies components of a mixture

Types of Chromatography

• Liquid Chromatography (LC): separates components based on interaction with stationary and mobile phases
• Gas Chromatography (GC): separates components based on boiling points and affinity for a stationary phase
• Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): separates components based on affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase
• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): uses high pressure and a stationary phase to separate components

Applications

• Separates and purifies mixtures
• Identifies and quantifies components
• Analyzes pharmaceuticals and biological samples
• Ensures quality control in industries

Learn about spectroscopy, an analytical technique used to measure the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Explore types of spectroscopy, including UV-Vis, IR, and NMR.