Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry

Study Notes

Spectroscopy is a technique used to study the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.
In organic chemistry, spectroscopy is used to identify and analyze the structure of molecules.

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy:
- Measures the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules.
- Provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule.
- Useful for identifying types of bonds (e.g., C-O, C-H, N-H).
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy:
- Measures the interaction between nuclear spins and magnetic fields.
- Provides information about the structure and bonding of molecules.
- Two types: 1H NMR (proton NMR) and 13C NMR (carbon NMR).
Mass Spectrometry (MS):
- Measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.
- Provides information about the molecular weight and structure of molecules.
- Often used in combination with chromatography (GC-MS or LC-MS).
Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy:
- Measures the absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation by molecules.
- Provides information about the electronic transitions in molecules.
- Useful for identifying conjugated systems and chromatophores.

Structural Elucidation: Spectroscopy is used to determine the structure of unknown molecules.
Identification of Compounds: Spectroscopy is used to identify known compounds by comparing their spectra with reference spectra.
Analysis of Mixtures: Spectroscopy is used to analyze the composition of mixtures and identify the components present.
Detection of Impurities: Spectroscopy is used to detect impurities in a sample.

Peak Assignment: Assigning peaks in a spectrum to specific functional groups or bonds.
Peak Shapes and Intensities: Analyzing the shape and intensity of peaks to determine the structure and bonding of molecules.
Splitting Patterns: Analyzing the splitting patterns in NMR spectra to determine the structure and bonding of molecules.

Technique used to study interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation
Used to identify and analyze structure of molecules in organic chemistry

Used for structural elucidation of unknown molecules
Used for identification of known compounds by comparing spectra with reference spectra
Used for analysis of mixtures and identification of components present
Used for detection of impurities in a sample

Peak assignment: assigning peaks in a spectrum to specific functional groups or bonds
Peak shapes and intensities: analyzing shape and intensity of peaks to determine structure and bonding of molecules
Splitting patterns: analyzing splitting patterns in NMR spectra to determine structure and bonding of molecules