Spectroscopy and Light Measurement

<p>δn = square root of n - standard error</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SNR = n/δn</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>δm = (2.5/ln 10)( δn/n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Number of events occurring divided by sample space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of elements in a set</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An outcome that is not deterministic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of desired outcomes divided by the total number of all possible outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot occur at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P(A,B) = P(A) × P(B|A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P(A,B) = P(A) × P(B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sum of probabilities = 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axiom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0 ≤ P ≤ 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>121.6 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The object's chemical composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminosity is the energy emitted per unit time, while brightness is the energy emitted per unit solid angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blackbodies are perfect absorbers and emitters of radiation, allowing us to model stellar spectra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lower magnitude indicates more light received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Balmer series transitions occur between higher energy levels, resulting in longer wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The further away an object is, the less light reaches the observer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1/6</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that can take on different values, each with a specific probability associated with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of heads obtained when flipping a coin five times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The probability of a specific outcome for a discrete random variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3/8</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A discrete random variable can only take on whole number values, while a continuous random variable can take on any value within a range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be a continuous variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The probability of a specific outcome 'x' for the random variable 'X'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N! / (k! * (N-k)!)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cataloged approximately 300 million stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify and categorize non-stellar objects in the sky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NGC 224</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proper motion of each star in the pair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The HD focuses on spectral classification while the GCVS catalogues variable stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Washington Double Star Catalogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flux density is always measured in units of power per unit area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A larger B-V color index indicates a bluer star.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Minor Planet Center</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 2 transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distance from the observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminosity or brightness across the entire spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It follows Planck's Law as a perfect emitter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brightness of an object at a specific distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brightness is the integrated result of flux across a solid angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>102.6 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A logarithmic scale introduced by Norman Pogson.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be modeled as perfect absorbers and emitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean or expectation value of variable X</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability of obtaining exactly m successes in N trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the likelihood of random variable values in a continuous space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sum of squares of deviations from the mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>q = 1 - P</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$x̄ = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} X_i$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the expectation of the squared deviations from the mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a binomial distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, depending on the method of observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy of a wave is directly proportional to its frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand the composition and evolution of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has catalogued over 500 million stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>William Herschel’s invention of a thermometer detecting warmth outside the visible spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical physics considers light as a wave, while quantum mechanics views it as a particle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M31</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HD catalogs stars based on spectral classification, while GCVS focuses on variable stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Photoelectric Effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference in their wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minor Planet Centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>c = vλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>n = 3 to n = 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light provides information about the composition, evolution, and motion of celestial objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total energy emitted by a star over all wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The magnitude of a star if it were located 10 parsecs away from Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absorption of photons by the Sun's atmosphere creates absorption lines, leading to the observation of bright emission lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sun's core emits a spectrum primarily consisting of bright emission lines, such as the Balmer and Lyman series.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photons are emitted when an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, releasing the difference in energy as a photon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-ray astronomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different research communities focus on different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, leading to distinct terminology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The photoelectric effect provided evidence for the quantum nature of light, showing that light can interact with matter in discrete packets of energy called photons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sun's atmosphere absorbs photons at specific wavelengths, leading to the observation of a continuous spectrum after re-emission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantization of energy means that energy can only be emitted in discrete packets, leading to the emission of photons with specific energies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Balmer and Lyman series are specific types of spectral lines observed in the Sun's spectrum, representing transitions of electrons in hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers