27 Questions
What did Mayr suggest could cause speciation?
Genetic drift
Where do many different species on small islands occur according to the text?
New Guinea
What is the initial effect of genetic founder effect on variation?
Removes variation
What does the experimental evidence with 100 vials and extreme bottleneck test?
Genetic drift
What kind of mating was tested in the experiment with 100 vials?
Assortative mating
What is unlikely to be the main driving force in speciation?
Genetic drift
What is the term used to describe organisms with 3 or more sets of chromosomes?
Triploid
In which type of meiotic error does the chromosome number change from 2n to 4n?
Non-disjunction
What is the result when two separate parental species produce hybrids, and these hybrids can function and mate assortatively?
Hybrid speciation
Which model describes speciation as a result of population splitting and subsequent mutation accumulation in different populations?
Dobzhansky-Muller model
What type of evolution occurs when populations in different environments undergo genetic changes in the same way?
Parallel evolution
What process occurs when two populations in the same environment undergo genetic changes resulting in different genotypes?
Divergent selection
What phenomenon suggests that species are evolving to thrive in their current environments, leading to reproductive isolation?
Reinforcement
In which scenario do traits under selection produce by-product mechanisms that fuel reproductive isolation?
When environments are similar and selection is different
What is the term used to describe the regular pattern of different forms of a species occurring locally in specific environments?
Ecotype differentiation
What occurs when species are separated and encounter different environments, leading to genetic divergence?
Divergent evolution
What prediction arises from the fact that environments are different and selection is different, leading to reproductive isolation?
Strong reproductive isolation due to environmental differences
In what scenario does divergent selection affect mate choice, resulting in reduced hybrid fitness?
When environments are different and selection is different
What does the text suggest about the likelihood of population divergence in similar environments?
Population divergence is more likely in similar environments due to increased mate choice.
What is a likely implication of non-functioning backcrosses with different fitness outcomes?
It indicates that the fitness of hybrids is largely driven by environmental interaction.
What does the text imply about the correlation between genetic and ecological traits?
Genetic and ecological traits change together, showing correlation.
What can be inferred about the mate choice in sticklebacks from the text?
Mate choice in sticklebacks is affected by ecological traits, leading to mating with different ecotypes.
What is the likely impact of variation in beak shape on Galapagos finches?
Variation in beak shape leads to variation in songs, affecting mate choice.
How does hybrid fitness relate to ecological traits according to the text?
Hybrid fitness is largely driven by interaction with environmental factors.
What does the text imply about the likelihood of gene flow as morphological differences increase?
As morphological differences increase, likelihood of gene flow decreases.
What do the different eco types of whitefish observed suggest?
The different eco types indicate that whitefish populations are adapting to diverse ecological niches.
What can be inferred about the impact of ecological selection on hybrid fitness according to the text?
Ecological selection reduces hybrid fitness.
This quiz covers the modes of speciation, focusing on genetic drift and its role in causing speciation. It also discusses the variability in species and the effects of genetic founder on variation.
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