Special Senses: Vision - Accessory Structures of the Eye
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the eyebrows in relation to the eyes?

Help shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration from reaching the eyes

What is the purpose of the lacrimal caruncle?

Contains oil & sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand

How do eyelashes contribute to eye protection?

They serve to protect the eye from debris, dust, and excessive light; triggers reflex blinking when touched

What is the function of the tarsal gland (meibomian gland)?

<p>Produces meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ciliary glands located, and what do they produce?

<p>Located in the conjunctiva of the eye; produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting the eye's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the palpebrae (eyelids) in overall eye protection?

<p>Protects eyes from foreign objects, excessive light &amp; injuries; contributes to overall lubrication of eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pinna/auricle?

<p>Captures and directs sound into the ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)?

<p>Regulating air pressure in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cochlea?

<p>Responsible for hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vestibular system?

<p>Contributes to balance and spatial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

<p>Detect rotational movements of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the auditory nerve play?

<p>Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ceruminous gland?

<p>Helps produce cerumen (earwax)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ossicles?

<p>Transmit sound vibrations from the ear drum to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the utricle and saccule?

<p>Detect linear acceleration and the position of the head concerning gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the vestibular system?

<p>Semicircular canals and otolithic organs (utricle and saccule)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

<p>The conjunctiva helps protect the eye and keep it moist by producing mucous and tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lacrimal glands?

<p>The lacrimal glands secrete tears which contain antibodies and antibacterial lysozyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliary body?

<p>The ciliary body surrounds the lens, holds it in place, and secretes aqueous humor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between rods and cones?

<p>Rods deal with dim-light and do not provide color vision, while cones deal with bright light, color vision, and high resolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vitreous humor?

<p>The vitreous humor transmits light and supports the posterior of the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lens?

<p>The lens refracts light to focus it on the retina and contributes to the flexibility of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps of light refraction in the eye?

<p>The light enters the cornea, then the lens, and finally leaves the lens to focus on the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the visible spectrum of light?

<p>The visible spectrum ranges from red, with the longest wavelength, to violet, with the shortest wavelength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of visual information in the brain?

<p>Visual information travels from the optic nerves to the optic chiasm, then to the optic tract, and finally to the primary visual cortex in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of macula degeneration?

<p>Macula degeneration can lead to loss of vision in the middle, difficulty in seeing colors, and potential blindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of olfactory receptors?

<p>Olfactory receptors can detect a few molecules and send signals to the brain, contributing to the sense of smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary taste sensations?

<p>The primary taste sensations are sweet, sour, and umami.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pinna/auricle?

<p>Captures and directs sound into the ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)?

<p>Regulating air pressure in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cochlea?

<p>Responsible for hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ceruminous gland?

<p>Helps produce cerumen (earwax)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

<p>Detect rotational movements of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the auditory nerve?

<p>Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibular system?

<p>Contributes to balance and spatial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lobule (earlobe)?

<p>Part of the external ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the utricle and saccule detect?

<p>Linear acceleration and the position of the head concerning gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ossicles?

<p>Transmit sound vibrations from the ear drum to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the helical in the external ear?

<p>Captures and directs sound into the ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibular system in the inner ear?

<p>Detects head movements and provides information about the body's position in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palpebrae (eyelids) in relation to the eyes?

<p>Protects eyes from foreign objects, excessive light &amp; injuries; contributes to overall lubrication of eye; allows blinking to distribute tears across eye to prevent dryness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the lacrimal caruncle contain and produce?

<p>Contains oil &amp; sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tarsal gland (meibomian gland)?

<p>Produces meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ciliary glands located, and what do they produce?

<p>Located in the conjunctiva of the eye; produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eyelash in relation to the eye?

<p>Serves to protect the eye from debris, dust &amp; excessive light; triggers reflex blinking when touched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the eyebrows in relation to the eyes?

<p>Help shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration going down forehead from reaching eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the medial & lateral commissure?

<p>Medial and lateral commissures are the corners of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet, helping to protect the eye and distribute tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ciliary gland?

<p>Produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting the eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lacrimal caruncle?

<p>It contains oil &amp; sweat glands and produces 'Sandman's' eye sand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tarsal plates?

<p>Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi &amp; levator palpebrae superioris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

<p>Produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting the eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliary body?

<p>Contains ciliary muscles which control the shape of the lens for focusing; secretes aqueous humor to nourish the lens and cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

<p>To protect the eye and keep it moist by producing mucous and tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal glands?

<p>To secrete lacrimal secretion called tears which produce antibodies and antibacterial (lysozyme).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the extrinsic eye muscles?

<p>To enable eye movement and help maintain the shape of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the retina?

<p>To capture and process visual information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vitreous humor?

<p>To transmit light and support the posterior of the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the lens?

<p>It is biconvex, transparent, flexible, and avascular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the visible spectrum of light?

<p>It includes red as the longest wavelength and violet as the shortest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of photoreceptors in the eye?

<p>To capture light and initiate the process of vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the olfactory receptors?

<p>To detect specific molecules and send signals to the brain for smell perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiology of taste?

<p>It involves gustatory epithelial cells detecting sweet, sour, and umami sensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual pathway in the brain?

<p>Optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tract, and primary visual cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the diseases associated with the eyes?

<p>Glaucoma, Macula Degeneration, Detached Retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)?

<p>Regulating air pressure in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cochlea?

<p>Responsible for hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibular system?

<p>Contributes to balance and spatial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the semicircular canals detect?

<p>Rotational movements of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the utricle and saccule detect?

<p>Linear acceleration and the position of the head concerning gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the auditory nerve?

<p>Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ceruminous gland?

<p>Helps produce cerumen (earwax) to prevent dust/debris and insects from entering the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lobule (earlobe)?

<p>Part of the external ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ossicles?

<p>Transmit sound vibrations from the ear drum to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stapes (stirrup)?

<p>Receives sound vibrations from the incus and transmits them to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the malleus (hammer)?

<p>Transmits sound vibrations from the ear drum to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the external auditory (ear canal)?

<p>Captures and directs sound into the ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal caruncle?

<p>It contains oil &amp; sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do eyelashes contribute to eye protection?

<p>Eyelashes protect the eye from debris, dust, and excessive light; they trigger reflex blinking when touched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medial & lateral commissure?

<p>The medial &amp; lateral commissure forms the corners of the eyelids, providing openings for the palpebral fissure and allowing tears to drain from the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the tarsal plates?

<p>Tarsal plates support connective tissue, obicularis oculi &amp; levator palpebrae superioris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ciliary gland?

<p>The ciliary gland is an accessory lacrimal gland located in the eye's conjunctiva; it produces tears which aid in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tarsal gland (meibomian gland)?

<p>Tarsal glands produce meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the eyebrows in relation to the eyes?

<p>Eyebrows help shade the eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration from reaching the eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

<p>The lacrimal gland produces tears which help in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

<p>The conjunctiva houses accessory lacrimal glands which produce tears, aiding in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ciliary glands located, and what do they produce?

<p>Ciliary glands are located in the conjunctiva of the eye; they produce tears which aid in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eyelash in relation to the eye?

<p>Eyelashes serve to protect the eye from debris, dust, and excessive light, triggering reflex blinking when touched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palpebrae (eyelids) in overall eye protection?

<p>The palpebrae protect the eyes from foreign objects, excessive light, injuries, and contribute to overall lubrication of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conjunctiva in the eye?

<p>To protect the eye and keep it moist by producing mucous and tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lacrimal apparatus in the eye?

<p>To secrete tears which produce antibodies and antibacterial (lysozyme), and to drain tears into the nasal canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical applications of the structures related to the eye?

<p>Chalazion, Stye, Conjunctivitis, Cold or nasal inflammation, Diplopia, Strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the fibrous layer of the eyeball?

<p>Sclera and cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vascular layer (uvea) in the eye?

<p>To supply blood to the eye and contain the ciliary body and iris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the retina in the eye?

<p>To capture and process visual information, and contain photoreceptor cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the photoreceptor cells in the retina?

<p>Rods deal with dim-light and no color vision, cones deal with bright light and color vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vitreous humor in the eye?

<p>To transmit light and support the posterior of the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lens in the eye?

<p>To focus light onto the retina and aid in vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the optic nerve and optic chiasm in visual processing?

<p>The optic nerve carries visual information to the brain, while the optic chiasm is the place where optic nerves cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions associated with diseases of the eye?

<p>Glaucoma, Macula Degeneration, Detached Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the olfactory receptors in the nose?

<p>To detect specific molecules and send signals to the brain for smell perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conjunctival sac?

<p>Contact lens go here</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lacrimal sac?

<p>Where tears drain and go into nasal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ciliary zonule?

<p>Connects ciliary body to lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sphincter pupilae?

<p>Causes constriction of pupils under parasympathetic control</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vitreous humor?

<p>Fluid that transmits light; supports posterior of lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Fovea Centralis?

<p>Where we have our best vision acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the photoreceptors in the eye?

<p>To capture and process light stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliary muscles?

<p>Aids in accommodation by changing the shape of the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of rhodopsin formation and breakdown?

<p>Rhodopsin is produced in dark, bleached by light, and regenerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic chiasm?

<p>Place where optic nerves cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiology of smell transduction?

<p>Odorant binds to receptor protein, initiating the process of smell transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primary visual cortex?

<p>Part of the brain that perceives vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal caruncle?

<p>It contains oil &amp; sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the ciliary gland?

<p>Produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tarsal plates?

<p>Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi &amp; levator palpebrae superioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the meibomian gland (tarsal gland)?

<p>Produces meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the palpebral fissure?

<p>It's the eyelid slit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

<p>Produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eyelash in relation to the eye?

<p>Triggers reflex blinking when touched</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palpebrae (eyelids) in overall eye protection?

<p>Protects eyes from foreign objects, excessive light &amp; injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal caruncle?

<p>It contains oil &amp; sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tarsal gland (meibomian gland)?

<p>Produces meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliary gland?

<p>Produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tarsal plates?

<p>Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi &amp; levator palpebrae superioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)?

<p>To regulate air pressure in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cochlea do?

<p>Responsible for hearing; converts sound vibrations into electrical signals sent to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the vestibular system?

<p>Includes the semicircular canals and otolithic organs (utricle and saccule)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ossicle called Stapes?

<p>Transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vestibular system in the inner ear?

<p>Contributes to balance and spatial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lobule (earlobe)?

<p>Part of the external ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ceruminous gland?

<p>Helps produce cerumen (earwax) to prevent dust/debris and insects from entering the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the utricle and saccule in the inner ear?

<p>Detect linear acceleration and the position of the head concerning gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the auditory nerve?

<p>Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the malleus (hammer)?

<p>Helps transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the middle ear's pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)?

<p>Regulates air pressure to maintain optimal conditions and prevent discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the semicircular canals?

<p>Detect rotational movements of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal caruncle?

<p>Contain oil and sweat glands, producing 'Sandman's' eye sand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tarsal gland (meibomian gland)?

<p>Produce meibum to prevent tears from evaporating too quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palpebrae (eyelids) in relation to the eyes?

<p>Allow blinking to distribute tears across the eye to prevent dryness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ciliary glands in the eye?

<p>Produce tears to lubricate and protect the eye's surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do eyelashes serve to protect the eye from?

<p>Debris, dust, and excessive light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are tarsal plates located and what is their primary function?

<p>Located on the edge of the eyelids, their primary function is to support connective tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the eye secretes lacrimal secretion called tears, which contains antibodies and antibacterial substances?

<p>Lacrimal glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conjunctival sac in relation to contact lenses?

<p>Where contact lenses are placed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the obstruction of tarsal glands in the eyelids?

<p>Chalazion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bulbar conjunctiva in the eye?

<p>Covers the white of the eye excluding the cornea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the eye enables eye movement and helps maintain the shape of the eye?

<p>Extrinsic Eye Muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the vitreous humor in the eye?

<p>Transmits light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the eye supplies blood to the eye and contains brown pigment?

<p>Choroid region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are responsible for dealing with color and bright light vision in the retina?

<p>Cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the blind spot located in the eye?

<p>In the optic nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for dilating pupils to allow more light to enter under sympathetic control?

<p>Dilator pupilae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for causing constriction of pupils under parasympathetic control?

<p>Sphincter pupilae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does retinal bind with to initiate smell transduction?

<p>Opsins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)?

<p>Regulates air pressure in the middle ear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cochlea?

<p>Responsible for hearing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the otolithic organs in the vestibular system?

<p>Detects head movements and provides information about the body's position in space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the auditory nerve?

<p>Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the semicircular canals detect?

<p>Rotational movements of the head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lobule (earlobe)?

<p>Prevents dust/debris and insects from coming into the ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pinna/auricle?

<p>Captures and directs sound into ear canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by ceruminous gland and what function does it serve?

<p>Produces earwax (cerumen) which prevents dust/debris and insects from coming into the ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of stapes (stirrup) in the middle ear?

<p>Helps transmit sound vibrations from ear drum to inner ear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are utricle and saccule responsible for detecting?

<p>Linear acceleration and position of head concerning gravity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their functions:

<p>Conjunctiva = Thin, transparent layer covering the sclera of the inner surface of the eyelids Lacrimal Apparatus = Secretes lacrimal secretion called tears which produce antibodies and antibacterial (lysozyme) Extrinsic Eye Muscle = Enables eye movement and helps maintain shape of eye Retina = Inner layer of the eye; neural region attaches anteriorly to oral serrata and posteriorly at optic disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following clinical applications with their descriptions:

<p>Chalazion = Obstructed tarsal gland Stye = Inflammation of the lacrimal ducts Conjunctivitis (pink eye) = Inflammation of the conjunctiva Diplopia (double vision) = Perception of two images of a single object</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the eye with their descriptions:

<p>Fibrous layer = Dense &amp; avascular; made of sclera and cornea Vascular layer (uvea) = Supplies blood to the eye; contains brown pigment Retina = Inner layer of the eye; contains photoreceptor cells Internal Chambers and Fluids = Contains vitreous humor and aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to light with their descriptions:

<p>Phontons = Basic unit of light Wavelengths of Light = Different colors correspond to different wavelengths Optics = Study of light behavior and properties Photo transduction = Enzyme cascade of light transduction reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the external ear components with their functions:

<p>Pinna/Auricle = Captures and directs sound into ear canal Ceruminous gland = Helps produce cerumen (earwax) External auditory (ear canal) = Transmits sound waves to the eardrum Cerumen (earwax) = Prevents dust/debris and insects from entering the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the middle ear components with their functions:

<p>Ossicles (Stapes, Incus, Malleus) = Transmit and amplify sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear Pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) = Regulates air pressure in the middle ear Stapes (stirrup) = Receives sound vibrations from the incus and transmits them to the inner ear Incus (anvil) = Receives sound vibrations from the malleus and amplifies them</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the inner ear components with their functions:

<p>Cochlea = Responsible for hearing and converts sound vibrations into electrical signals Vestibular System = Contributes to balance and spatial orientation Semicircular Canals = Detect rotational movements of the head Auditory Nerve = Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the otolithic organs with their functions:

<p>Utricle and Saccule = Detect linear acceleration and the position of the head concerning gravity Semicircular Canals = Detect head movements and provide information about the body's position in space Cochlea = Converts sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain Vestibular System = Includes the utricle and saccule, contributing to balance and spatial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the functions with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>Cochlea = Converts sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain Semicircular Canals = Detect rotational movements of the head Vestibular System = Contributes to balance and spatial orientation Auditory Nerve = Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain, integrating auditory information for perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following accessory structures of the eye with their functions:

<p>Eyebrows = Help shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration from reaching eyes Palpebrae (eyelids) = Protects eyes from foreign objects, excessive light, and injuries; contributes to overall lubrication of the eye Lacrimal Caruncle = Contains oil and sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand Tarsal gland (meibomian gland) = Produces meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following glands of the eye with their secretions:

<p>Lacrimal Caruncle = Oil and sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand Tarsal gland (meibomian gland) = Produces meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly Ciliary gland = Produces tears which aid in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface Accessory lacrimal glands = Modified sweat glands that produce tears which aid in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye protection mechanisms with their descriptions:

<p>Eyelashes = Short fine hairs that grow along the eyelid's edge; they serve to protect the eye from debris, dust, and excessive light; triggers reflex blinking when touched Palpebrae (eyelids) = -Protects eyes from foreign objects, excessive light, and injuries; -contributes to overall lubrication of the eye; -allows blinking to distribute tears across the eye to prevent dryness Lacrimal Caruncle = Contains oil and sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand Tarsal plates = Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi, and levator palpebrae superioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions of accessory structures of the eye with their descriptions:

<p>Eyebrows = Help shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration from reaching eyes Palpebrae (eyelids) = -Protects eyes from foreign objects, excessive light, and injuries; -contributes to overall lubrication of the eye; -allows blinking to distribute tears across the eye to prevent dryness Lacrimal Caruncle = Contains oil and sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand Tarsal plates = Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi, and levator palpebrae superioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions of glands in the eye with their secretions:

<p>Lacrimal Caruncle = Produces 'Sandman's' eye sand Tarsal gland (meibomian gland) = Produces meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly Ciliary gland = Produces tears which aid in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface Accessory lacrimal glands = Modified sweat glands that produce tears which aid in lubricating and protecting the eye's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following protective features of the eye with their functions:

<p>Eyelashes = Triggers reflex blinking when touched; protects the eye from debris, dust, and excessive light Palpebrae (eyelids) = -Protects eyes from foreign objects, excessive light, and injuries; -contributes to overall lubrication of the eye; -allows blinking to distribute tears across the eye to prevent dryness Lacrimal Caruncle = Contains oil and sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand Tarsal plates = Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi, and levator palpebrae superioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do eyelashes play in eye protection?

<p>They grow along the eyelid's edge to protect the eye from debris, dust &amp; excessive light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

<p>To secrete lacrimal secretion called tears, which contains antibodies and antibacterial substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the tarsal plates?

<p>To support connective tissue, obicularis oculi &amp; levator palpebrae superioris and contain oil &amp; sweat glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliary gland?

<p>To produce tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palpebrae (eyelids) in relation to the eyes?

<p>To protect the eye from debris, dust &amp; excessive light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are tarsal glands responsible for?

<p>Producing meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cochlea?

<p>Converts sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vestibular system?

<p>Contributes to balance and spatial orientation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ceruminous gland?

<p>Prevents dust and debris from entering the ear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do gustatory epithelial cells do?

<p>React to different tastes, sending signals to the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the external auditory (ear canal) do?

<p>Captures and directs sound into the ear canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glaucoma?

<p>A problem that happens when the pressure inside the eye goes up, causing damage to the optic nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is macula degeneration?

<p>A disease causing physical deterioration of macula lutea, leading to blindness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conjunctiva in relation to the eye?

<p>To produce tears and antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal sac?

<p>Where tears drain and go into nasal canal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fibrous layer of the eyeball?

<p>To protect and shape the eye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ciliary body in the eye?

<p>Surrounds the lens and holds it in place (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is vitreous humor located in the eye?

<p>Supports the posterior of the lens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of photons in vision?

<p>To transmit light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the Fovea Centralis in vision?

<p>It provides our best vision acuity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of retinal in vision?

<p>Deals with high intensity, dim-light, and no color vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Double Vision) Diplopia must be treated early to prevent which condition?

<p><strong>Strabismus (cross eyes)</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Cross Eyes) Strabismus has to be treated early to prevent what?

<p>Blindness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a stye cause?

<p>A slow-growing lump on eyelid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ secretes lacrimal secretion called tears?

<p>Ciliary glands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the palpebral conjunctiva located?

<p>On the inner surface of the eyelids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal canaliculi?

<p>Small ducts that help drain tears into the lacrimal sac (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a chalazion?

<p>Obstruction of tarsal gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye covers the white of the eye but not including the cornea?

<p>Bulbar conjunctiva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extrinsic eye muscles?

<p>Enable eye movement and blinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the vitreous humor located in the eye?

<p>Posterior chamber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ciliary body?

<p>Surrounds and holds the lens in place (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are responsible for dealing with color, bright light, and high-resolution color vision in the retina?

<p>Cones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of photoreceptors called rods in vision?

<p>Deals with high-intensity dim light vision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of stapes (stirrup) in the middle ear?

<p>Amplifies sound waves and transmits them to the inner ear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal caruncle?

<p>Contains oil &amp; sweat glands; produces 'Sandman's' eye sand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tarsal gland (meibomian gland)?

<p>Large sebaceous glands that produce meibum which helps tears from evaporating too quickly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliary gland?

<p>Modified sweat glands located in the conjunctiva of the eye; produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eyelash in relation to the eye?

<p>Short fine hairs that grow along the eyelid's edge; they serve to protect the eye from debris, dust &amp; excessive light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are tarsal plates responsible for?

<p>Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi, and levator palpebrae superioris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

<p>Produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lacrimal caruncle specify?

<p>a fold of skin at the corner of your eyes that produces a sticky substance when you sleep (A), a fold of skin at the corner of your eyes that produces a sticky substance when you sleep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Eyebrows do?

<p>They help shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration going down forehead from reaching eyes. (A), They help shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration going down forehead from reaching eyes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of medial and lateral commissures for an eyeball?

<p>they distribute tears across the eyeball and protect it from debris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lacrimal Caruncle do?

<p>produces a sticky substance when you sleep. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if glaucoma is not treated?

<p>Gradual vision loss and potential blindness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are olfactory receptors found?

<p>In the olfactory epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of gustatory epithelial cells in taste buds?

<p>React to different tastes and send signals to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) in the middle ear?

<p>Regulate air pressure in the middle ear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the inner ear is responsible for contributing to balance and spatial orientation?

<p>Vestibular System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary responsibilities of the semicircular canals in the inner ear?

<p>Detect rotational movements of the head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do tastebuds on the tongue contain for detecting different tastes?

<p>Cells for sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lobule (earlobe) in the external ear?

<p>Helps prevent dust/debris and insects from entering the ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of basal epithelial cells in taste buds?

<p>Regenerate and replace taste cells when needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of detached retina?

<p>Possible blindness due to flashes of light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of macula degeneration?

<p>Physical deterioration leading to potential blindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cochlea in the inner ear do?

<p>Responsible for hearing and converts sound vibrations into electrical signals sent to the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure covers the white of the eye but not including the cornea?

<p>Bulbar conjunctiva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lacrimal sac?

<p>Drains tears into nasal canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is caused by an obstructed tarsal gland that forms a slow-growing lump on the eyelid?

<p>Chalazion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vitreous humor in the eye?

<p>Transmits light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of photoreceptors called cones in the eye?

<p>Deals with color and bright light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal caruncle?

<p>Producing 'Sandman’s' eye sand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eyelashes?

<p>Short fine hairs that grow along the eyelid's edge; they serve to protect the eye from debris, dust &amp; excessive light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tarsal plates in relation to the eyes?

<p>Supports connective tissue, obicularis oculi &amp; levator palpebrae superioris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliary gland in the eye?

<p>Produces tears which aid in lubricating &amp; protecting eye's surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tarsal gland (meibomian gland) in the eye?

<p>Large sebaceous glands that produce meibum which help tears from evaporating too quickly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glaucoma?

<p>An eye problem caused by pressure inside the eye, leading to gradual vision loss and blindness if untreated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cochlea?

<p>Responsible for hearing, converting sound vibrations into electrical signals sent to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do tastebuds contain for detecting different tastes?

<p>Gustatory epithelial cells with jobs like sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami detectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the auditory nerve?

<p>Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if macula degeneration is not treated?

<p>Gradual vision loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are steroid hormones synthesized?

<p>On the membrane of the smooth ER (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone can be stored in vesicles and released by exocytosis?

<p>Peptide hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of paracrine hormones?

<p>A nearby cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glands release their secretions through ducts?

<p>Exocrine glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the permissive effect in hormonal interactions?

<p>One hormone must be present for the other to function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hormonal interactions, what describes the synergistic effect?

<p>Two hormones acting together for a greater effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the antagonistic effect in hormonal interactions?

<p>Two hormones with opposite effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for lipid soluble hormones?

<p>One hormone must be present for the other to function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are peptide hormones synthesized?

<p>Rough ER (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream?

<p>Endocrine gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in the cell are steroid hormones synthesized?

<p>Smooth ER (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone can be stored in vesicles and released by exocytosis?

<p>Biogenic amines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of hormone action for paracrine hormones?

<p>Target cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hormonal interactions, what characterizes the permissive effect?

<p>One hormone must be present for the other to function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the synergistic effect in hormonal interactions?

<p>Two hormones acting together for a greater effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the antagonistic effect in hormonal interactions?

<p>Two hormones with opposite effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin and glucagon in hormonal interactions?

<p>Antagonistic Effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipid-soluble hormones in hormone action?

<p>Enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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