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Questions and Answers
What is the objective of the experiment?
What is the objective of the experiment?
To become familiar with equilibria involving sparingly soluble substances by determining the value of the solubility-product constant for a sparingly soluble salt.
Inorganic substances may be broadly classified into which three categories?
Inorganic substances may be broadly classified into which three categories?
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are ____ and bases are ____.
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are ____ and bases are ____.
proton donors; proton acceptors
What are the products when an acid reacts with a base in an aqueous solution?
What are the products when an acid reacts with a base in an aqueous solution?
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Nearly all common salts are strong electrolytes.
Nearly all common salts are strong electrolytes.
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The solubilities of salts range from slightly soluble to ____.
The solubilities of salts range from slightly soluble to ____.
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What is this experiment concerned with?
What is this experiment concerned with?
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For a true equilibrium to exist between a solid and a solution, the solution must be ____.
For a true equilibrium to exist between a solid and a solution, the solution must be ____.
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What do the terms in the numerator of the solubility product expression refer to?
What do the terms in the numerator of the solubility product expression refer to?
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What does the term in the denominator of the solubility product expression refer to?
What does the term in the denominator of the solubility product expression refer to?
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At a given temperature, the value of Ksp is a variable.
At a given temperature, the value of Ksp is a variable.
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How can the solubility-product constant for a sparingly soluble salt be calculated?
How can the solubility-product constant for a sparingly soluble salt be calculated?
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What does Ksp equal according to the rule for writing solubility-product expressions?
What does Ksp equal according to the rule for writing solubility-product expressions?
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To determine the solubility-product constant, what do you need to determine?
To determine the solubility-product constant, what do you need to determine?
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What will you determine the solubility-product constant for in this experiment?
What will you determine the solubility-product constant for in this experiment?
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What ion does Ag2CrO4 contain?
What ion does Ag2CrO4 contain?
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How will you determine the concentration of chromate ions?
How will you determine the concentration of chromate ions?
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What instrument is used to eliminate human limitations in color intensity perception?
What instrument is used to eliminate human limitations in color intensity perception?
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The instrument measures the ratio ____ where I is the intensity of light transmission by a sample.
The instrument measures the ratio ____ where I is the intensity of light transmission by a sample.
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What are plots of the amount of light absorbed versus wavelength called?
What are plots of the amount of light absorbed versus wavelength called?
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What is one common way of expressing the amount of light absorbed?
What is one common way of expressing the amount of light absorbed?
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Percent transmission corresponds to what?
Percent transmission corresponds to what?
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What is another method of expressing the amount of light absorbed?
What is another method of expressing the amount of light absorbed?
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Absorbance is related to what law?
Absorbance is related to what law?
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There is a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration when the Beer-Lambert Law is obeyed.
There is a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration when the Beer-Lambert Law is obeyed.
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Why is it wise to construct a calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration?
Why is it wise to construct a calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration?
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Study Notes
Objective
- Aim to understand equilibria involving sparingly soluble substances.
- Determine the solubility-product constant (Ksp) for a specific sparingly soluble salt.
Classification of Inorganic Substances
- Inorganic substances are categorized into acids, bases, and salts.
Bronsted-Lowry Theory
- Acids are defined as proton donors; bases are proton acceptors.
Acid-Base Reaction
- When an acid reacts with a base in an aqueous solution, the products formed are salt and water.
Common Salts
- Almost all common salts are considered strong electrolytes, with few exceptions.
Solubility Spectrum
- Salts can range in solubility from slightly soluble, sparingly soluble to very soluble.
Focus of Experiment
- Experiment is concentrated on heterogeneous equilibria of slightly soluble salts.
Saturated Solution
- A true equilibrium exists between a solid and a solution only when the solution is saturated.
Ksp Components
- Numerator in the Ksp expression represents molar concentrations of ions in solution.
- Denominator refers to the concentration of the solid.
Ksp Value
- At a fixed temperature, the solubility-product constant (Ksp) is a constant.
Calculating Ksp
- The Ksp for a sparingly soluble salt can be calculated by determining its solubility in water.
Ksp Expression Rule
- Ksp equals the product of the concentrations of ions at equilibrium, raised to their respective coefficients.
Ion Concentration Requirement
- To find Ksp for a sparingly soluble substance, concentrate on one ion's concentration, as the other is related by stoichiometry.
Specific Substance of Study
- The experiment will determine the Ksp for silver chromate (Ag2CrO4).
Chromate Ion Identification
- Ag2CrO4 includes the yellow chromate ion (CrO4²⁻).
Spectrophotometric Measurement
- The concentration of chromate ions will be determined spectrophotometrically at 375 nm.
Use of Spectrophotometer
- A spectrophotometer is utilized to overcome human limitations in color discernment.
Light Transmission Ratio
- The instrument measures the ratio I/I0 (I: light intensity transmitted by the sample; I0: intensity of the incident light).
Absorption Spectra
- Graphs plotting light absorption against wavelength are known as absorption spectra.
Light Absorption Measurement
- Light absorption can be expressed as percent transmission (%T).
Percent Transmission
- %T indicates the percentage of light transmitted through a sample.
Absorbance Measurement
- Another method to express light absorption is through absorbance (A).
Beer-Lambert Law
- Absorbance is linked to concentration through the Beer-Lambert Law, establishing a linear relationship.
Calibration Curve Necessity
- Due to potential deviations from the Beer-Lambert Law, constructing a calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration is advisable.
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Description
This quiz focuses on understanding the equilibria of sparingly soluble substances and determining the solubility-product constant (Ksp) for specific salts. You'll explore concepts related to inorganic classification, Bronsted-Lowry theory, and the reactions between acids and bases as they relate to solubility and equilibrium.
