Questions and Answers
What is the objective of the experiment?
To become familiar with equilibria involving sparingly soluble substances by determining the value of the solubility-product constant for a sparingly soluble salt.
Inorganic substances may be broadly classified into which three categories?
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are ____ and bases are ____.
proton donors; proton acceptors
What are the products when an acid reacts with a base in an aqueous solution?
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Nearly all common salts are strong electrolytes.
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The solubilities of salts range from slightly soluble to ____.
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What is this experiment concerned with?
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For a true equilibrium to exist between a solid and a solution, the solution must be ____.
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What do the terms in the numerator of the solubility product expression refer to?
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What does the term in the denominator of the solubility product expression refer to?
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At a given temperature, the value of Ksp is a variable.
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How can the solubility-product constant for a sparingly soluble salt be calculated?
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What does Ksp equal according to the rule for writing solubility-product expressions?
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To determine the solubility-product constant, what do you need to determine?
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What will you determine the solubility-product constant for in this experiment?
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What ion does Ag2CrO4 contain?
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How will you determine the concentration of chromate ions?
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What instrument is used to eliminate human limitations in color intensity perception?
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The instrument measures the ratio ____ where I is the intensity of light transmission by a sample.
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What are plots of the amount of light absorbed versus wavelength called?
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What is one common way of expressing the amount of light absorbed?
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Percent transmission corresponds to what?
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What is another method of expressing the amount of light absorbed?
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Absorbance is related to what law?
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There is a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration when the Beer-Lambert Law is obeyed.
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Why is it wise to construct a calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration?
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Study Notes
Objective
- Aim to understand equilibria involving sparingly soluble substances.
- Determine the solubility-product constant (Ksp) for a specific sparingly soluble salt.
Classification of Inorganic Substances
- Inorganic substances are categorized into acids, bases, and salts.
Bronsted-Lowry Theory
- Acids are defined as proton donors; bases are proton acceptors.
Acid-Base Reaction
- When an acid reacts with a base in an aqueous solution, the products formed are salt and water.
Common Salts
- Almost all common salts are considered strong electrolytes, with few exceptions.
Solubility Spectrum
- Salts can range in solubility from slightly soluble, sparingly soluble to very soluble.
Focus of Experiment
- Experiment is concentrated on heterogeneous equilibria of slightly soluble salts.
Saturated Solution
- A true equilibrium exists between a solid and a solution only when the solution is saturated.
Ksp Components
- Numerator in the Ksp expression represents molar concentrations of ions in solution.
- Denominator refers to the concentration of the solid.
Ksp Value
- At a fixed temperature, the solubility-product constant (Ksp) is a constant.
Calculating Ksp
- The Ksp for a sparingly soluble salt can be calculated by determining its solubility in water.
Ksp Expression Rule
- Ksp equals the product of the concentrations of ions at equilibrium, raised to their respective coefficients.
Ion Concentration Requirement
- To find Ksp for a sparingly soluble substance, concentrate on one ion's concentration, as the other is related by stoichiometry.
Specific Substance of Study
- The experiment will determine the Ksp for silver chromate (Ag2CrO4).
Chromate Ion Identification
- Ag2CrO4 includes the yellow chromate ion (CrO4²⁻).
Spectrophotometric Measurement
- The concentration of chromate ions will be determined spectrophotometrically at 375 nm.
Use of Spectrophotometer
- A spectrophotometer is utilized to overcome human limitations in color discernment.
Light Transmission Ratio
- The instrument measures the ratio I/I0 (I: light intensity transmitted by the sample; I0: intensity of the incident light).
Absorption Spectra
- Graphs plotting light absorption against wavelength are known as absorption spectra.
Light Absorption Measurement
- Light absorption can be expressed as percent transmission (%T).
Percent Transmission
- %T indicates the percentage of light transmitted through a sample.
Absorbance Measurement
- Another method to express light absorption is through absorbance (A).
Beer-Lambert Law
- Absorbance is linked to concentration through the Beer-Lambert Law, establishing a linear relationship.
Calibration Curve Necessity
- Due to potential deviations from the Beer-Lambert Law, constructing a calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration is advisable.
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Description
This quiz focuses on understanding the equilibria of sparingly soluble substances and determining the solubility-product constant (Ksp) for specific salts. You'll explore concepts related to inorganic classification, Bronsted-Lowry theory, and the reactions between acids and bases as they relate to solubility and equilibrium.
