Sparingly Soluble Salts and Ksp Determination
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Questions and Answers

What is the objective of the experiment?

To become familiar with equilibria involving sparingly soluble substances by determining the value of the solubility-product constant for a sparingly soluble salt.

Inorganic substances may be broadly classified into which three categories?

  • Acids
  • Bases
  • Salts
  • All of the above (correct)

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are ____ and bases are ____.

proton donors; proton acceptors

What are the products when an acid reacts with a base in an aqueous solution?

<p>A salt and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nearly all common salts are strong electrolytes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The solubilities of salts range from slightly soluble to ____.

<p>very soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is this experiment concerned with?

<p>Heterogeneous equilibria of slightly soluble salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a true equilibrium to exist between a solid and a solution, the solution must be ____.

<p>saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms in the numerator of the solubility product expression refer to?

<p>Molar concentration of ions in a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term in the denominator of the solubility product expression refer to?

<p>Concentration of the solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At a given temperature, the value of Ksp is a variable.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the solubility-product constant for a sparingly soluble salt be calculated?

<p>By determining the solubility of the substances in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ksp equal according to the rule for writing solubility-product expressions?

<p>The product of the concentration of the ions involved in the equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To determine the solubility-product constant, what do you need to determine?

<p>The concentration of only one of the ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will you determine the solubility-product constant for in this experiment?

<p>Ag2CrO4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ion does Ag2CrO4 contain?

<p>Yellow chromate ion, CrO4^2-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How will you determine the concentration of chromate ions?

<p>Spectrophotometrically at 375nm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to eliminate human limitations in color intensity perception?

<p>Spectrophotometer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The instrument measures the ratio ____ where I is the intensity of light transmission by a sample.

<p>I/I0</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are plots of the amount of light absorbed versus wavelength called?

<p>Absorption spectra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common way of expressing the amount of light absorbed?

<p>Percent transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Percent transmission corresponds to what?

<p>Percentage of light transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another method of expressing the amount of light absorbed?

<p>Absorbance, A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absorbance is related to what law?

<p>The Beer-Lambert Law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration when the Beer-Lambert Law is obeyed.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it wise to construct a calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration?

<p>To account for deviations from the Beer-Lambert Law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Objective

  • Aim to understand equilibria involving sparingly soluble substances.
  • Determine the solubility-product constant (Ksp) for a specific sparingly soluble salt.

Classification of Inorganic Substances

  • Inorganic substances are categorized into acids, bases, and salts.

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

  • Acids are defined as proton donors; bases are proton acceptors.

Acid-Base Reaction

  • When an acid reacts with a base in an aqueous solution, the products formed are salt and water.

Common Salts

  • Almost all common salts are considered strong electrolytes, with few exceptions.

Solubility Spectrum

  • Salts can range in solubility from slightly soluble, sparingly soluble to very soluble.

Focus of Experiment

  • Experiment is concentrated on heterogeneous equilibria of slightly soluble salts.

Saturated Solution

  • A true equilibrium exists between a solid and a solution only when the solution is saturated.

Ksp Components

  • Numerator in the Ksp expression represents molar concentrations of ions in solution.
  • Denominator refers to the concentration of the solid.

Ksp Value

  • At a fixed temperature, the solubility-product constant (Ksp) is a constant.

Calculating Ksp

  • The Ksp for a sparingly soluble salt can be calculated by determining its solubility in water.

Ksp Expression Rule

  • Ksp equals the product of the concentrations of ions at equilibrium, raised to their respective coefficients.

Ion Concentration Requirement

  • To find Ksp for a sparingly soluble substance, concentrate on one ion's concentration, as the other is related by stoichiometry.

Specific Substance of Study

  • The experiment will determine the Ksp for silver chromate (Ag2CrO4).

Chromate Ion Identification

  • Ag2CrO4 includes the yellow chromate ion (CrO4²⁻).

Spectrophotometric Measurement

  • The concentration of chromate ions will be determined spectrophotometrically at 375 nm.

Use of Spectrophotometer

  • A spectrophotometer is utilized to overcome human limitations in color discernment.

Light Transmission Ratio

  • The instrument measures the ratio I/I0 (I: light intensity transmitted by the sample; I0: intensity of the incident light).

Absorption Spectra

  • Graphs plotting light absorption against wavelength are known as absorption spectra.

Light Absorption Measurement

  • Light absorption can be expressed as percent transmission (%T).

Percent Transmission

  • %T indicates the percentage of light transmitted through a sample.

Absorbance Measurement

  • Another method to express light absorption is through absorbance (A).

Beer-Lambert Law

  • Absorbance is linked to concentration through the Beer-Lambert Law, establishing a linear relationship.

Calibration Curve Necessity

  • Due to potential deviations from the Beer-Lambert Law, constructing a calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration is advisable.

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Description

This quiz focuses on understanding the equilibria of sparingly soluble substances and determining the solubility-product constant (Ksp) for specific salts. You'll explore concepts related to inorganic classification, Bronsted-Lowry theory, and the reactions between acids and bases as they relate to solubility and equilibrium.

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