Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Overview
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What is the main characteristic of PVST+ compared to original STP?

  • It is incompatible with additional port features.
  • It requires fewer configurations than standard STP.
  • It creates a separate spanning tree for each VLAN configured in the network. (correct)
  • It has a single spanning tree instance for multiple VLANs.

    • Which feature is NOT supported by PVST+?

  • BPDU Filter
  • PortFast
  • BackboneFast
  • EtherChannel Load Balancing (correct)

    • Which version of STP provides a loop-free topology with a single instance spanning tree?

  • Ethernet Spanning Tree (EST)
  • Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+)
  • Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
  • Common Spanning Tree (CST) (correct)

    • What must be specifically configured on Cisco switches to utilize RSTP?

    <p>Rapid Spanning Tree mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a valid port state in the original STP?

    <p>Blocking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of BPDU Guard in a network using STP?

    <p>To prevent loops by blocking ports that receive BPDUs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary advantage does RSTP have over the traditional STP?

    <p>It offers faster convergence compared to traditional STP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol version is an enhancement of the original STP standard and supports additional port states and configurations?

    <p>802.1D-2004</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol allows for redundant paths and loops without blocking ports?

    <p>Layer 3 Routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which port state in STP is responsible for processing incoming frames but not forwarding them?

    <p>Listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature provides fast convergence in a network using Rapid PVST+?

    <p>Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does BPDU Guard protect against in a bridging environment?

    <p>Broadcast Storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key benefit of using PortFast in a network?

    <p>Immediate transition to forwarding state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of RSTP compared to traditional STP?

    <p>To provide faster convergence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which port states are utilized by RSTP?

    <p>Learning, Forwarding, Discarding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of PVST+ allows for a separate spanning tree instance for each VLAN?

    <p>Per-VLAN spanning tree instances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a port is configured with PortFast?

    <p>The port enters forwarding state immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which configuration does BPDU guard enforce on switch ports?

    <p>Disables the port if it receives a BPDU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which version of IOS runs PVST+ by default on Cisco switches?

    <p>IOS version 15.0 or later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Rapid PVST+ enhance RSTP functionality?

    <p>It provides a separate instance of 802.1w per VLAN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is not supported by PVST+?

    <p>EtherChannel bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of the root bridge in STP?

    <p>To manage and distribute BPDUs throughout the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about STP and its implementations is true?

    <p>MSTP can map multiple VLANs to a single spanning tree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) compared to the original Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?

    <p>RSTP provides faster convergence than STP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature allows switches to quickly transition ports to the forwarding state in RSTP?

    <p>PortFast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) optimize VLAN management?

    <p>By mapping multiple VLANs into the same spanning tree instance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component ensures that only the designated root bridge can receive configuration BPDUs in a RSTP environment?

    <p>Root guard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of BPDU guard in a spanning tree protocol setup?

    <p>To err-disable ports that receive unexpected BPDUs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about RSTP port roles is accurate?

    <p>The same spanning tree algorithm is used for RSTP and STP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Rapid PVST+ from standard RSTP?

    <p>Rapid PVST+ supports multiple spanning tree instances for each VLAN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the listening state in spanning tree protocols?

    <p>To allow BPDUs to be sent and received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is designed to enhance the original STP with additional features and faster convergence specifically for Cisco environments?

    <p>PVST+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key benefit of RSTP's faster convergence?

    <p>Minimizing downtime during network topology changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is elected for each spanning tree instance in Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST)?

    <p>A root bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol supersedes the original Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?

    <p>Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many spanning tree instances are created if all ports on switches are in the same VLAN?

    <p>One spanning tree instance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial when referring to different implementations of spanning tree?

    <p>Referring to the protocol in context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which version of spanning tree did the IEEE designate in its latest documentation?

    <p>Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST)?

    <p>Single Spanning Tree Protocol for all VLANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Root Bridge in STP?

    <p>To be the point of reference for path calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of STP, what distinguishes RSTP from traditional STP?

    <p>Faster convergence and reconfiguration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the function of STP in VLAN management?

    <p>It isolates traffic in different VLANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when all ports are set to remain in the same VLAN?

    <p>It results in a single spanning tree instance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Evolution

    • STP is defined under IEEE 802.1D, providing a loop-free topology for networks with redundant links.
    • Common Spanning Tree (CST) operates as a single spanning tree instance regardless of VLANs present in the network.
    • Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+) is a Cisco enhancement that creates individual spanning tree instances for each VLAN.
    • Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) or IEEE 802.1w enhances STP with faster convergence capabilities.

    STP Variants

    • PVST+ supports advanced features including PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, BPDU guard, filter, root guard, and loop guard.
    • RSTP maintains backward compatibility with STP and retains similar terminology, enabling easier configuration for those familiar with STP.
    • PVST+ is set as the default mode in Cisco switches running IOS 15.0 or later.

    RSTP Features

    • RSTP allows rapid convergence, capable of adjustments in a properly configured network within milliseconds.
    • RSTP port states include learning, forwarding, and discarding, differing from more extended states seen in standard STP.
    • Each VLAN can have a distinct root bridge under RSTP, compared to a singular root bridge in classic STP.

    Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)

    • MSTP, inspired by Cisco's proprietary MISTP, merges multiple VLANs into shared spanning tree instances.
    • MST can support up to 16 RSTP instances, optimizing configuration for networks with numerous VLANs.

    Configuration and Management

    • Rapid PVST+ is a Cisco-specific adaptation of RSTP, offering instance-based spanning tree management per VLAN.
    • BPDU guard feature disables switch ports immediately upon detecting any Bridge Protocol Data Unit to prevent possible loops.
    • Layer 2 networks can expand significantly, employing advanced hierarchical configurations that may integrate the distribution and core layers.

    Key Terminology

    • Key terms include Root Bridge, Designated Port, Alternate Port, and Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU), essential for understanding spanning tree architecture.
    • PortFast enables immediate transition of switch ports from blocking to forwarding states, crucial for reducing access delay for devices requiring quick network access (e.g., DHCP clients).
    • Understanding of timers like Max Age, Forward Delay, and Hello timer is vital for effective spanning tree operation management.

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    Related Documents

    Cisco SRWE Module 5 STP Concepts PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the evolution and variants of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) as defined under IEEE 802.1D. Key topics include Common Spanning Tree, Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+), and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Test your knowledge on the features and functionalities of these protocols.

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