Spanish Present Tense Verbs

Present Tense Verbs

• -ar verbs:
  • Conjugation examples for "hablar" (to speak): Yo hablo, Tú hablas, Él/Ella habla, Nosotros hablamos, Vosotros habláis, Ellos/Ellas hablan.
• -er verbs:
  • Conjugation examples for "aprender" (to learn): Yo aprendo, Tú aprendes, Él/Ella aprende, Nosotros aprendemos, Vosotros aprendéis, Ellos/Ellas aprenden
• -ir verbs:
  • Conjugation examples for "vivir" (to live): Yo vivo, Tú vives, Él/Ella vive, Nosotros vivimos, Vosotros vivís, Ellos/Ellas viven
• Irregular verbs:
  • Verbs like "hacer" (to do), "poner" (to put), "salir" (to leave), and "traer" (to bring) are irregular in the "yo" form: hago, pongo, salgo, traigo.
  • Verbs like "tener" (to have), "venir" (to come), "decir" (to say) have irregular "yo" forms and stem-changing conjugations: tengo, vengo, digo.
• Stem-changing verbs:
  • Some verbs change their vowel in different conjugations.
    • "pensar" (to think): e → ie (Yo pienso, Tú piensas, Él/Ella piensa, etc.)
    • "volver" (to return): o → ue (Yo vuelvo, Tú vuelves, Él/Ella vuelve, etc.)
    • "pedir" (to ask): e → i (Yo pido, Tú pides, Él/Ella pide, etc.)
  • Note other stem-changing verbs:
    • e → ie: pensar, cerrar, empezar, entender, preferir, querer, divertirse, sentir(se), tener, venir
    • o → ue: volver, almorzar, costar, dormir, encontrar, poder, morir

Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns

• Adjectives: Used to point out nouns based on proximity (near, far, very far). These agree in gender and number. Examples: este (this, masculine singular), esta (this, feminine singular), estos (these, masculine plural), estas (these, feminine plural).
• Pronouns: Identical to the adjectives in form, but with an accent; used to replace nouns in a sentence. Examples: éste (this, masculine singular), ésta (this, feminine singular), éstos (these, masculine plural), éstas (these, feminine plural).
• Neuter Pronouns: Used for unspecific things, ideas, or situations: esto (this), eso (that), aquello (that).