Spanish Music and Arts

• The text is a recap of Spanish music and arts

Regional Variations in Spanish Music

• Focus on Galician bagpipe music, Tuna university student music in northern Spain, and flamenco in Andalucia

Tuna Music

• Tuna is a fraternity of university students/members distinguished by old university attire representing their culture of origin.
• They are known for singing, playing instruments, and travelling
• String and percussion instruments are generally used.
• Originates in Salamanca, but is now widespread in Spain and abroad.
• Common in northern and central Spanish cities like Santiago de Compostela, Santander, and Madrid.
• Historically exclusive to males, but now includes female Tunas.
• Has spread to Europe, with an Eindhoven women's Tuna group existing

Flamenco and Cantaores

• Most cantaores originate from gypsy families and are male.

Key Figures in Modern Flamenco

• Camarón de la Isla
• Miguel Poveda

Rosalía

• A singer-songwriter
• Made international breakthrough through collaborations with J.Balvin and Pharrell Williams.
• Received two Latin Grammy Awards in 2018 for her single "Malamente".
• Style is described as modern flamenco, folk, and art pop.

Sanfermines Festival

• Takes place in Pamplona, starting on July 6 and lasting a week, ending on July 14.
• The festival is dedicated to San Fermín, the city's patron saint.
• Features open-air concerts, craft markets, traditional dances, and street theatre.
• The bull run is a highlight
• The first legal bull runs took place in 1899.
• Ernest Hemingway popularized it in his book "The Sun Also Rises".

Festivities of San Fermín

• Begin on July 6 at 12:00 noon with "el txupinazo," a firecracker launched from the town hall balcony.
• Typical attire includes white pants, a white shirt or t-shirt, and a red scarf.
• The celebration starts at noon on July 6 with the "chupinazo" at Plaza Consistorial in front of Pamplona's town hall
• Consists of launching a firecracker and shouting "¡Pamploneses, Iruñatarrok, Viva San Fermín, Gora San Fermin!" while raising a red scarf.

Controversies

• Macho culture is prevalent at Los Sanfermines, with sexual violence against women being common
• Protests against sexual violence occur during the festival.

Los Encierros (The Bull Runs)

• A 850-meter route through the narrow streets of Pamplona to the arena.
• Six wild bulls and six steers run from their stables on Santo Domingo slope.
• Ends in the arena, where they are locked up until the afternoon bullfight.
• Begins on July 7 at 08:00 AM, with one bull run each morning until July 14.
• Six bulls are killed in the afternoon bullfight.
• Participants are called "mozos" or "mozas" (farmhands); few women participate.
• Participants wear white pants, a red sash, a white shirt or T-shirt, and a red neckerchief, with a rolled-up newspaper for protection.

Requirements for Participating in the Bull Runs

• Must be over 18 years old
• Not physically or mentally handicapped
• Not under the influence of alcohol or drugs

Route Details

• The Estafeta street is in the city center and is fenced off
• Weekdays see about 2,500 runners, weekends up to 4,000.
• The route includes climbs, descents, and turns, and is often wet.
• 300-400 injuries each year.
• 16 deaths since 1910 because of the bull runs

Rituals Before the Bull Run

• Runners sing a prayer to San Fermín at 07:55, 07:57, and 07:59 in Spanish and Basque for protection.

Spanish Art - Diego Velázquez (1599-1660)

• An official painter of kings and nobles, painting portraits, scenes from ordinary life, and mythological subjects.
• A designer of clothing for the theater and organizer of festivals.
• "Las Meninas" is the title of an oil painting by Diego Velázquez from 1656.

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

Blue Period

• Period in Paris (1901-1904)
• Characterized by sombre paintings in dark colours, mainly blue, green, black, and purple.
• Symbolized coldness, death, and vulnerability.
• Examples: Desemparats (1903) and The Madman (1904).

Rose Period

• Gained fame and success
• Developed a relationship with Fernande Olivier
• Paintings became less sombre, using soft shades of blue and pink.
• Works inspired by the circus, which Picasso and Fernande often visited together
• Examples: Portrait of Señora Canals and Circus Artist and Boy.

Cubist Period

• In Paris, exposed to African and Polynesian sculptures, inspiring totem figures and masks in paintings.
• With Georges Braque, Picasso created cubism.
• Notable cubist works are Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Blanquita Suárez (1917).

Salvador Dalí (1940-1989)

• Painter and designer of jewelry, furniture, and logos for companies like Pirelli and Chupa Chups.

Cadaqués

• In 1930 he moved to an old fishermans port in Port Lligat, and after 40 years turned it into his home.

Gala

• Gala Dalí was the wife of the French poet Paul Éluard, and later the Spanish painter Salvador Dalí.

Castel Gala Dalí

• A castel In Púbol (Catalonië) is now a museum for Salvador Dalí.
• The castle was Gala Dalís home, and Muse.
• Since 1996 open to the public

Dalí's Death

• Died of heart failure on January 23, 1989, in the Galatea tower of the Dalí Theatre Museum in Figueres, where he had been living in his final years.
• He was buried in a crypt under the podium.