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Questions and Answers
What were the Republicans loyal to during the Spanish Civil War?
Who were part of the Republican faction during the Spanish Civil War?
Which political figure played a preponderant role among the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War?
How long did the Spanish Civil War last?
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What did Claude Bowers consider the Spanish Civil War to be a 'dress rehearsal' for?
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Who ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975?
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What was the official policy of countries like the United Kingdom, France, and the United States during the Spanish Civil War?
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What was the outcome of Colonel Segismundo Casado's military coup against the Republican government?
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What event prompted France and the United Kingdom to recognize the Francoist regime in February 1939?
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What was a significant consequence of the capture of much of Catalonia in 1938 and 1939 during the Spanish Civil War?
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What characterized the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War in terms of political persecution?
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Who was the primary planner and leader of the coup d'état of July 1936 against the Republican government in Spain?
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Which political party supported the Nationalist faction in the Spanish Civil War?
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Where did the Nationalist forces receive support from during the Spanish Civil War?
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Which city remained under the control of the government and did not fall to the Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War?
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Who emerged as the leader of the Nationalist side after the deaths of Sanjurjo, Emilio Mola, and Manuel Goded Llopis?
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Study Notes
The Spanish Civil War
- The Spanish Civil War was fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.
- The Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic.
- The Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta under General Francisco Franco.
International Involvement
- The war was viewed as a dress rehearsal for World War II by U.S. Ambassador to Spain Claude Bowers.
- Countries like the United Kingdom, France, and the United States followed an official policy of non-intervention.
- Despite this, tens of thousands of citizens from non-interventionist countries directly participated in the conflict.
The War
- The Nationalists advanced from their strongholds in the south and west, capturing most of Spain's northern coastline in 1937.
- They besieged Madrid and the area to its south and west for much of the war.
- Catalonia was captured in 1938 and 1939, and Madrid was cut off from Barcelona, making the Republican military position hopeless.
The End of the War
- Following the fall of Barcelona in January 1939, the Francoist regime was recognised by France and the United Kingdom in February 1939.
- Colonel Segismundo Casado led a military coup against the Republican government in March 1939, seeking peace with the Nationalists.
- Franco entered Madrid and declared victory on 1 April 1939, establishing a dictatorship.
Aftermath
- Hundreds of thousands of Spaniards fled to refugee camps in southern France.
- Those associated with the losing Republicans who stayed were persecuted by the victorious Nationalists.
- The war became notable for the passion and political division it inspired worldwide and for the many atrocities that occurred.
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Description
Learn about the Spanish Civil War fought between Republicans and Nationalists from 1936 to 1939. Republicans supported the left-leaning Popular Front government while Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists.
