Space Exploration and Africa

A limited area of activity shaped by scientists and engineers, dreamers and visionaries, and disconnected from any earthly preoccupation.

Space activities create wealth, jobs, and growth worldwide, and represent an investment in the future.

The combination of cutting-edge technologies, a highly qualified workforce, and knowledge-intensive products and services.

<p>Because it is an economic necessity to keep investing in space in the future, due to its potential to solve earthly problems and generate high-value markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space applications help solve concrete problems in policy areas such as transportation, environment, energy, agriculture, entertainment, and security, and the benefits include wealth creation, job creation, and growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space activities have a clear political dimension due to the wide range of space applications solving earthly problems in various issue-areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space Age 1.0 (the Cold War period) and Space Age 2.0 (after 1990)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The U.S. and the Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of space as a prestigious foreign policy tool and national security considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of space to fulfill a broader range of policy objectives, and the emergence of new space applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellite communications, Earth observation, navigation, positioning and timing systems (e.g. GPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increasing number of countries started to engage in space activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emergence of new applications with great socio-economic potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was an expression of the U.S.-Soviet competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to a recognition of the broader political value of space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earth observation (EO) applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angola</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development, manufacturing, and integration of future Algerian space systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contribution to agricultural or environmental monitoring and serving social and developmental goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing the new South African space policy, focusing on capacity-building initiatives, development of space applications, and international cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A key asset to reach its MDGs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unprecedented wave of popular agitation against one-party dictatorship and mass demands for the installation of multi-party regimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contribution to agricultural and environmental management applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prestige and capacity-building initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fostering cooperation and collaboration among African countries and with international partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutting-edge technologies = Highly qualified working force Knowledge-intensive products and services = High-value and large markets Strategic sector = Associated with very high R&amp;D costs Dynamic and fast growing economic sector = Creating wealth, jobs and growth worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High R&amp;D costs = Representing an investment in the future High-value and large markets = Constituting the hallmark of space activities Cutting-edge technologies = Creating wealth, jobs and growth worldwide Knowledge-intensive products and services = Economic necessity to keep investing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solving concrete problems = ni policy areas such as transportation, environment, energy, agriculture, entertainment and security The final frontier = A limited area of activity shaped by scientists and engineers Geared towards the solving = Of concrete problems ni policy areas The economic relevance of space = Cannot be overlooked</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating wealth, jobs and growth worldwide = Economic sector High-value and large markets = Knowledge-intensive products and services Investment in the future = Strategic sector Solving earthly problems = Wide number of space applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic growth and development = Significance of space activities Highly qualified working force = Cutting-edge technologies Knowledge-intensive products and services = High-value and large markets Investment in the future = Economic necessity to keep investing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic and fast growing = Economic sector Strategic sector = Associated with very high R&amp;D costs High-value and large markets = Knowledge-intensive products and services Cutting-edge technologies = Highly qualified working force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria = Launched two satellites onboard foreign launchers South Africa = Launched its first government-owned EO satellite in September 2009 Algeria = Began constructing the Centre for the development of satellites in December 2008 Angola = Signed a contract for a communications satellite with Russia in June 2009</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria = No national space agency mentioned South Africa = South African National Space Agency Algeria = National space agency established Angola = No national space agency mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria = Agricultural and environmental monitoring South Africa = Capacity-building initiatives and international cooperation Algeria = Development, manufacturing, and integration of space systems Angola = Communications satellite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wave of popular agitation = Against one-party dictatorship and for multipartism Triumph of democracy and free market economy = Over centralized planning and command economy of the Soviet Union Launch of Nigeriasat 1 = First EO satellite launched by Nigeria Establishment of the South African National Space Agency = Focus on capacity-building initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National Geospatial Data Infrastructure (NGDI) = Reaching Millennium Development Goals Centre for the development of satellites = Developing, manufacturing, and integrating space systems South African National Space Agency = Implementing South African space policy Algerian space agency = Overseeing Algerian space programmes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria = Achieving Millennium Development Goals South Africa = Fostering international cooperation Algeria = Developing space systems Angola = Establishing a national space agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Democracy = Multi-party system and free market economy Free market economy = Open market ideology and multipartism Space applications = Agricultural and environmental monitoring Centralized planning = Command economy of the Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Launch of South Africa's first government-owned EO satellite = September 2009 Begin of the construction of the Centre for the development of satellites = December 2008 Signing of the contract for a communications satellite = June 2009 Establishment of the South African National Space Agency = 2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria = Nigcomsat 1 and Nigeriasat 1 South Africa = First government-owned EO satellite Algeria = No satellite launch mentioned Angola = Communications satellite with Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria = Establishing a National Geospatial Data Infrastructure South Africa = Creating a South African National Space Agency Algeria = Constructing the Centre for the development of satellites Angola = Signing a contract for a communications satellite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space Age 1.0 = Characterised by the Cold War and the space race Space Age 2.0 = Marked by the increasing political relevance of space Cold War period = Characterised by the bipolarity of the international system Post-Cold War period = Characterised by the emergence of new space applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National security concerns = Predominance of military concerns in space programmes Prestigious foreign policy tool = Use of space as a tool for international competition and cooperation Power = Centrality of national security considerations Ideology = Reflection of political priorities and ideologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emergence of new space applications = Increased political relevance of space Global political and economic liberalization = New possibilities and capabilities in space Geopolitical evolutions = More political room for smaller nations to develop their own space programmes Technological evolutions = Increased number of countries investing in space technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipolarity = Characterised by the dominance of two superpowers in the space arena Unipolarity = Characteristic of the international system after the Cold War Multipolarity = Characteristic of the international system before the Cold War Multilateralism = Characterised by international cooperation in space activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellite communications = Used in areas such as security, transport, and entertainment Earth observation (EO) = Used for environmental monitoring and resource management Navigation, positioning and timing systems = Used for navigation and timing purposes Information technology = Used for economic growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global political and economic liberalization = Increased investments in space technologies Geopolitical evolutions = Increased number of countries engaging in space activities Technological advancements = Emergence of new space applications National security concerns = Prioritization of military uses of space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space race = A symbol of international competition and cooperation during the Cold War Space Age = An era of increasing political relevance of space Cold War = A period of bipolarity in the international system International cooperation = A characteristic of space activities in the post-Cold War period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emergence of new space applications = Increased recognition of the broader political value of space Global political and economic liberalization = Increased involvement of smaller nations in space activities Technological advancements = Increased capabilities of space technologies National security concerns = Decreased focus on military uses of space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prestige = A motivation for space activities during the Cold War National security = A primary concern of the Soviet and U.S. space programmes Power = A concept mirrored in the priority given to national security considerations Ideology = A reflection of political priorities and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global trend = Increased focus on economic growth and development through space activities Regional trend = Increased involvement of smaller nations in space activities National trend = Prioritization of national security considerations in space activities International trend = Increased cooperation in space activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space Age 1.0 = An era marked by the space race and national security concerns Space Age 2.0 = An era marked by the emergence of new space applications Cold War = A period of bipolarity and national security concerns Post-Cold War period = An era marked by the increasing political relevance of space</p> Signup and view all the answers