South Korean Labor Law and Foreign Workers' Rights
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한국 노동법은 외국인 노동자들에게 한국 시민들에게 보장된 것과는 다른 권리를 인정합니다.

True

1993년, 한국은 외국인 노동자를 산업연수제를 통해 수입하기 시작했으며, 처음에는 이러한 노동자들에게 제한적인 노동법 보호가 있었습니다.

True

2003년 외국인 노동자 고용법의 주요 목적은 중소기업(소규모 기업)의 3D 직종에서의 노동력 부족을 해결하는 것이었습니다.

True

외국인 노동자가 국내에 입국하고 작업 활동에 참여하게 되면, 그들은 주민 자격을 취득하고 국가 헌법 아래 보호받아야 합니다.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

2003년 이전, 외국인 노동자들은 노동자로 대우받지 않고 산업연수제 아래 연수생으로 대우받았습니다.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

2003년 이전, 노동법 보호가 부족했던 결과로 인권 침해가 발생하여 이후에 개선조치가 이루어졌습니다.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

2003년 외국인근로자고용법 제정 이후 비전문 외국인 근로자(E-9 비자)와 방문 근로자(H-2 비자)를 위한 고용허가제가 도입되었다.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

외국인근로자고용법은 근로자 보호를 주요 목적으로 하지 않았지만, 헌법에 따라 외국인 근로자의 인권 존중 필요성을 인정하고 있다.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

2011년 헌법재판소는 '외국인근로자 보호지침'이 헌법에 위배된다고 판결했다.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

대법원 판결에 따르면, 불법 체류 외국인 근로자의 경우 실질적 기준이 아닌 형식적 내용만으로 근로자 지위를 평가한다.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

대법원 판결로 인해 불법 체류 외국인 근로자에 대한 산업재해 보상 및 퇴직금 지급이 긍정적으로 인정되었다.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

2011년 헌법재판소는 외국인 근로자의 기본적 헌법상 권리를 인정하지 않았다.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

South Korean Labor Law and Foreign Workers' Rights

South Korean labor law recognizes the fundamental rights of foreign workers within the scope of these rights being different from those guaranteed to Korean citizens. The country has experienced a rapid increase in labor costs and a labor shortage in the 3D jobs of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) since the mid-1980s. In response, Korea began importing foreign workers through the Industrial Trainee System in 1993, although these workers initially had limited labor law protections.

Conflict between Purpose and Rights

The purpose of the Foreign Worker Employment Act in 2003 was primarily to address the labor shortage in the 3D jobs of SMEs, without providing extensive labor law protection for foreign workers. However, upon entering the country and engaging in work activities, foreign workers acquire resident status and should be protected under the country's constitution.

Evolution of Foreign Workers' Rights

Pre-2003 Period

During the pre-2003 era, foreign workers were not treated as laborers but rather as trainees under the Industrial Trainee System. In cases where an industrial trainee was injured and applied for compensation, the Supreme Court recognized their right to medical treatment under the Industrial Accident Compensation Act, establishing precedence for similar incidents. The lack of labor law protection led to human rights violations, prompting changes after 2003.

Post-2003 Period

With the enactment of the Foreign Worker Employment Act in 2003, the country introduced the Employment Permit System for non-professional foreign workers (E-9 visa) and visiting workers (H-2 visa). This system aimed at facilitating the supply of manpower and balancing national development. Despite its primary objective not being focused on labor law protection, the act recognizes the necessity of respecting the human rights of foreign workers in accordance with the Constitution.

Since 2003, various developments have taken place in relation to foreign workers' rights. In 2011, the Constitutional Court declared the Labor Ministry Guidelines concerning the protection and management of foreign workers, known as "A Guide to the Protection and Management of Foreign Workers," as a violation of the Constitution. Also in 2011, the Constitutional Court recognized the basic constitutional rights of foreign workers.

Impact of Supreme Court Rulings

Two significant rulings by the Supreme Court have further clarified the rights of foreign workers. The first ruling stipulated that the Immigration Control Act aims to monitor illegal stays of foreigners to protect and regulate employment eligibility, while still respecting legal rights achieved by delivering work over time. The second ruling confirmed that when evaluating worker status, the court recognizes the illegal foreign worker's status through practical standards instead of solely formal content. These rulings have positively impacted the recognition and payment of work-related accident and severance pay cases for illegal foreign workers.

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Description

Explore the legal landscape concerning foreign workers' rights under South Korean labor law, from the evolution of protections since the 2003 Foreign Worker Employment Act to the impact of Supreme Court rulings. Understand the conflict between the purpose of labor policies and the constitutional rights of foreign workers.

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