South Carolina Declaration of Secession (1860)
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Questions and Answers

What event led to the South Carolina Declaration of Secession?

Abraham Lincoln winning the 1860 election.

What percentage of the popular vote did Abraham Lincoln receive in the 1860 election?

40%

Did Abraham Lincoln receive any southern votes in the Electoral College?

False

When did South Carolina vote to secede?

<p>December 20, 1860.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did South Carolina issue along with its vote to secede?

<p>The 'Declaration of the Immediate Causes'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many states refused to fulfill their constitutional obligations according to South Carolina?

<p>Fourteen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fourth Article of the United States Constitution state?

<p>No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the stipulation in the fourth Article of the Constitution important?

<p>It was necessary for the formation of the compact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the majority of the contracting parties hold?

<p>Slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the contracting parties make a condition in the Ordinance for the government of the territory ceded by Virginia?

<p>The stipulation for the delivery of fugitive slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the same article of the Constitution stipulate for?

<p>Rendition of fugitives from justice by the several States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does South Carolina refer to as proof of the fourteen states' refusal to fulfill their constitutional obligations?

<p>Their own Statutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Constitution stipulate for fugitives from justice from other states?

<p>Rendition by the several States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did South Carolina assert about the fact of the fourteen states' refusal?

<p>It is established with certainty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did South Carolina consider the stipulation in the fourth Article of the Constitution?

<p>Material to the compact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the majority of the contracting parties previously make a condition in?

<p>The Ordinance for the government of the territory ceded by Virginia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the General Government?

<p>The common agent that passed laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has led to a disregard of the General Government's laws?

<p>Increasing hostility from non-slaveholding states towards slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states have enacted laws that nullify or render useless the Acts of Congress?

<p>Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fugitives in many of these states?

<p>They are discharged from service or labor claimed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Has any state government complied with the stipulations made in the Constitution?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state initially passed a law in conformity with its constitutional obligation?

<p>New Jersey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has New Jersey done more recently?

<p>Enacted laws that render inoperative the remedies provided by its own law and by the laws of Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What right has been denied to slaves in the state of New York?

<p>The right of transit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states have refused to surrender fugitives charged with murder and inciting servile insurrection?

<p>Ohio and Iowa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the constituted compact is broken and disregarded?

<p>South Carolina is released from her obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ends for which the Constitution was framed?

<p>To form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the ends that the Federal Government aimed to accomplish?

<p>Recognition of each state as equal and control over their own institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the right of property in slaves recognized?

<p>By granting political rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

South Carolina Declaration of Secession (1860)

  • South Carolina declared its secession in response to Abraham Lincoln winning the 1860 presidential election, which increased tensions over slavery.
  • Lincoln received 40% of the popular vote but did not obtain any votes from Southern states in the Electoral College.
  • The official vote for secession took place on December 20, 1860, marking a pivotal moment in American history.
  • South Carolina issued the 'Declaration of the Immediate Causes' alongside the secession vote, outlining grievances against the federal government.
  • The state claimed that fourteen other states failed to meet their constitutional obligations regarding the return of escaped slaves.
  • The fourth Article of the U.S. Constitution, addressing the return of fugitive slaves, was deemed essential for the compact between states.

Historical Context of Slave Laws

  • The significance of Article IV of the Constitution is underscored by its role in the agreement among states during the formation of the Union.
  • Most contracting parties held slaves, indicating the deep-rooted connection between slavery and state rights.
  • Inprior legislative acts, a condition regarding the return of fugitive slaves was attached to the governance of territories ceded by Virginia.

Non-compliance and Hostility

  • South Carolina cited hostility from non-slaveholding states as a growing problem that undermined the authority of the General Government.
  • Several Northern states implemented laws nullifying federal laws concerning slavery and often discharged fugitive slaves from service or labor claims.

Constitutional Obligations and Reactions

  • New Jersey initially complied with constitutional obligations but later enacted laws that contradicted its former adherence.
  • States such as Ohio and Iowa notably refused to surrender fugitives charged with serious crimes, indicating a significant breakdown in cooperative agreements.

Consequences of the Compact's Violation

  • South Carolina asserted that if the compact established by the Constitution is broken, then the state is no longer bound by it.
  • The Constitution aimed to promote a more perfect union, establish justice, and ensure the blessings of liberty, but the violation of these principles by other states was a major point of contention for South Carolina.

Recognition of Property Rights

  • The recognition of property rights in slaves was an area of intense debate, with the Federal Government's aim being to assert equality among states and control over their institutions.

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Description

Explore the pivotal events surrounding South Carolina's Declaration of Secession in 1860. Delve into the motivations behind the secession, including the impact of Abraham Lincoln's election and the grievances outlined against the federal government. Understanding these key historical elements provides insight into the tensions over slavery that led to the Civil War.

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