South Africa's Apartheid History

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Questions and Answers

Match the following Acts with their descriptions during the Apartheid era in South Africa:

Population Registration Act = Classified individuals by race. Group Areas Act = Created separate residential areas for different races. Suppression of Communism Act = Banned communism and restricted freedom of speech. Reservation of Separate Amenities Act = Legalized racial segregation of public premises.

Match the following events related to the struggle against Apartheid with their outcomes:

Sharpeville Massacre = Led to international condemnation and increased resistance. Soweto Riot = Resulted in numerous student deaths and highlighted educational inequalities. Defiance Campaign = Involved peaceful resistance and civil disobedience. Nelson Mandela's Imprisonment = Symbolized the struggle against Apartheid and rallied international support.

Match the following dates with the corresponding events in South Africa's history:

1652 = Beginning of European colonization with Dutch settlement. 1910 = European Independence Granted, White Afrikaners dominate the government. 1948 = Official start of Apartheid. 1994 = First multiracial elections in South Africa.

Match each person with the role they played in the ending of Apartheid:

<p>Nelson Mandela = Symbol of the anti-apartheid movement who was incarcerated for many years. F.W. de Klerk = President who initiated the dismantling of apartheid. Daniel François Malan = National Party leader who won the election of 1948. Francois Pienaar = Captain of the South African rugby team that Nelson Mandela helped unite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dates with the corresponding legislative actions during the Apartheid era:

<p>July 8, 1949 = Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act. July 7, 1950 = Population Registration Act. July 17, 1950 = Suppression of Communism Act. July 17, 1951 = Bantu Authorities Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the figures related to Apartheid with their known facts.

<p>Nelson Mandela = Imprisoned for his anti-apartheid activities and later became president. F.W. de Klerk = Instrumental in repealing Apartheid laws. Black Natives = Were segregated and oppressed under Apartheid laws. White Afrikaaner = Dominated the government during the Apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each legislative action with a phrase describing the impacts of Apartheid:

<p>Population Registration Act = Racial classification. Group Areas Act = Forced segregation. Suppression of Communism Act = Censorship and limitation of freedoms. Bantu Authorities Act = Forced deportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each political event related to the struggle against Apartheid with its broader consequence:

<p>1974: South Africa Expelled from the United Nation = Isolating South Africa internationally. 1976: South Africa Banned from the Olympic Games = Emphasized global disapproval of Apartheid. 1990: Nelson Mandela Released from Prison = Symbolized end of oppression. 1994: Black Voting Rights = Ended oppression in South Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match these protest acts with the key result they brought:

<p>Sharpeville Massacre = Growing internal and international condemnation. Soweto Uprising = Increased international sanctions against South Africa. Defiance Campaign = Mobilization of anti-apartheid activists. ANC Guerrilla Actions = Government negotiations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Associate each Act with the main form of injustice it enshrined during the apartheid era:

<p>Group Areas Act = Segregated residential areas. Population Registration Act = Classified individuals by race. Suppression of Communism Act = Censorship and restriction of political opposition. Reservation of Separate Amenities Act = Separate public facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match following leaders to their respective contributions in the fight against apartheid:

<p>Nelson Mandela = Leader of ANC. F.W. de Klerk = Prime Minister. P.W. Botha = Leader of the South African Government during Apartheid. Desmond Tutu = Leading anti-apartheid activist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each Act with its main focus during the Apartheid period in South Africa:

<p>Population Registration Act = Establishing racial classifications. Group Areas Act = Enforcing residential segregation. Reservation of Separate Amenities Act = Segregating public facilities. Bantu Education Act = Controlling the education of black Africans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the dates with correct events.

<p>1948 = Start of Apartheid. 1960 = Sharpeville massacre. 1976 = Soweto riot. 1990 = Nelson Mandela was released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Link consequences that arose from certain events.

<p>Sharpeville Massacre = International condemnation. Soweto Uprising = Rise in militant anti-apartheid movements. Releasing Nelson Mandela = Begin dismantling of apartheid system. First multiracial election = Culmination of democratic transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match descriptions with South Africa’s legislation during the Apartheid period:

<p>Group Areas Act = Segregation of residential areas Population Registration Act = Classifications of race. Separate Amenities Act = Separation of public facilities. Bantu Education Act = Creation of inferior black education system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct relationships to Apartheid:

<p>Nelson Mandela = Opposition to Apartheid. Group Areas Act = Segregation of areas. Sanctions = International pressures against Apartheid. Resistance = Fight against system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Associate each term with impacts during the anti-apartheid movement:

<p>World Sanctions = Reduced South Africa's economy. Civil Disobedience = Strained legal systems. Political Imprisonment = Created national martyrs. Armed Resistance = Government response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Allocate actions in relation to those involved in abolishing Apartheid in South Africa:

<p>Nelson Mandela = Negotiated with government. F.W. de Klerk = Initiated laws. Desmond Tutu = Advocated for non-violent protesting. ANC = Gained prominence in the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the acts with their key consequence during the Apartheid era:

<p>Population Registration Act = Racial classifications. Group Areas Act = Residential segregations. Separate Amenities Act = Service segregation. Bantu Education Act = Educational segregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each consequence to an event.

<p>Sharpeville Massacre = International Isolation. Soweto Uprising = International sanctions. Resistance in South Africa = Internal dismantling. Pressure from organizations. = Ending Apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Link key actions with the legislative acts:

<p>Population Registration Act = Division by Race. Group Areas Act = Segregation of communities. Separate Amenities Act = Unequal access to public facilities. Bantu Education Act = Poor quality education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the most crucial forms of political involvement?

<p>Nelson Mandela = Negotiations. ANC = Legislation. Black South Africans = Organizing protests. International Community = Implementing pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match these major political events with their impact for anti-apartheid:

<p>Rivonia Trial = Focused on international attention. Formation of the Black Conscious movement = Empowered black communities. Armed Conflicts = Sped up international dismantling. International sanctions = Strained regime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions to the factors of Apartheid

<p>Population Registration Act = Classifying residents by race. Group Areas Act = Limited blacks to non-white neighborhoods. Bantu Education Act = Restricting education to blacks. Pass Laws = Created forced relocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each of the following with the correct roles related to black injustice acts.

<p>Nelson Mandela = Political Prisoner F.W. de Klerk = Government Negotiator. Desmond Tutu = Abolishing Apartheid laws. ANC = Pushing international communities for social justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each of actions with each other:

<p>Nelson Mandela = Political Prisoner Spear of the Nation = Armed wing Soweto Uprising = Student-led protests Rivonia Trial = International isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match with significant contributions:

<p>Sharpeville Massacre = International community pressure Release of Nelson Mandela = Democratic transition. 1994 Elections = Inclusion and representation. Truth and Reconciliation Commission = Healing and reconciliation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the events to their impact factor:

<p>Sharpeville Massacre = International condemnation. Soweto Uprising = Global anti-apartheid actions. Release of Nelson Mandela = Political negotiations. 1994 Democratic Elections = Ending social injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Link each person or group that helped dismantle Apartheid:

<p>Nelson Mandela = Political reconciliation. F.W. de Klerk = Legislative transformation. Desmond Tutu = Moral leadership. ANC = Transition to reconciliation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connect the dots to Apartheid in South Africa:

<p>Population Registration Act = Racial identities Group Areas Act = Neighborhood divisions. Suppression of Communism Act = Political suppression. Bantu Education Act = Educational disadvantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each of the events with the following dates:

<p>Beginning of Apartheid = 1948 Sharpeville Massacre = 1960 Release of Nelson Mandela = 1990 First Multiracial Elections = 1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

Relate impacts from each event in the timeline:

<p>Sharpeville Massacre = Social injustice Soweto Uprising = Actions against education ANC Guerilla movement = Government negotiations First multiracial elections = Political transformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following:

<p>The population registration act = Division by race Group areas act = Residential segregation The separate amenities act = Segregation of public facilities. The education act = Lower black education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Apartheid?

System of racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa from 1948 to 1994.

Who are Afrikaners?

A white South African of Dutch ancestry.

What happened in 1652?

Marked the beginning of European colonization in South Africa.

What resources increased British colonization in 1795?

British colonization increased due to the discovery of these resources.

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What happened in 1910 in South Africa?

Granted to white Afrikaners, who then dominated the government.

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What happened on January 1, 1948?

The official start of the apartheid system by the South African government.

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Who is Daniel Francois Malan?

Leader of the National Party who won the election and became the white leader of South Africa.

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What is the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949?

Prohibited marriages between people of different races.

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Population Registration & Group Areas Act (1950)

Classified every inhabitant by race and created separate residential areas.

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What is the Suppression of Communism Act (1950)?

Banned communism and restricted freedom of speech.

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What is the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

Legalized the deportation of blacks and coloreds.

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What is the Defiance Campaign (1952)?

A peaceful resistance movement against apartheid.

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Public Safety Act (1953)

Empowered the government to declare states of emergency and increased penalties for protesting.

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What is the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

Legalized racial segregation of public spaces.

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Treason Trial (1956)

Nelson Mandela and others charged with treason, later acquitted.

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What is the Sharpeville Massacre (1960)?

Black protestors stormed a police station, leading to 69 deaths.

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What happened to the ANC leader in 1964?

Nelson Mandela rose to leadership but was then arrested.

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What is the Soweto Riot (1976)?

More than 600 students killed protesting for better education.

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What happened in 1983?

Protests led to state of emergency and mass arrests of blacks.

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F.W. de Klerk in 1989

F.W. de Klerk became Prime Minister and began negotiations to end apartheid.

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What happened on February 2, 1990?

Prime Minister de Klerk opened up political power to black Africans.

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What happened on February 11, 1990?

Nelson Mandela was released after decades of imprisonment.

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What happened on October 15, 1990?

This act ENDED racial segregation of public spaces.

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What happened on April 26, 1994?

Blacks were granted the right to vote.

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May 10, 1994, Africa

Nelson Mandela became the first Black President of South Africa.

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Study Notes

  • South Africa's struggle involved a transition from racism under Apartheid to equality.
  • Nelson Mandela, a Black Native, and F.W. de Klerk, a White Afrikaaner, were key figures in this transition.

1652: European Colonization Begins

  • The Dutch and French arrived at the Cape in South Africa, marking the start of European colonization.

1795: British Colonization

  • The British arrived at the Cape in South Africa.
  • The discovery of Gold and Diamonds attracted even more British settlers.

1910: European Independence Granted

  • White Afrikaners gained independence and dominated the government in South Africa.

January 1, 1948: Start of Apartheid

  • The South African government officially established the system of Apartheid.

May 26, 1948: Election of 1948

  • The National Party leader, Daniel Francois Malan, won the election.
  • Malan became the white leader of South Africa.

July 8, 1949: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act

  • This act prohibited marriages between people of different races and was one of the first laws passed by the National Party.

July 7, 1950: Population Registration & Group Areas Act

  • Every inhabitant of South Africa was classified and registered based on racial characteristics.
  • Different residential areas were created for each race.

July 17, 1950: Suppression of Communism Act

  • This act banned the spread of communism and suppressed the right to free speech.

July 17, 1951: Bantu Authorities Act

  • This act made the deportation of blacks and coloreds legal.

1950s: Black Resistance Begins

  • This period marked the start of resistance against Apartheid.

June 26, 1952: African National Congress (ANC) Defiance Campaign

  • The ANC began a campaign of peaceful resistance to Apartheid by breaking laws they considered unjust.

July 11, 1952: Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents

  • Early laws that required black male workers to carry passes were repealed.
  • These passes included a photograph, origin, tax payments, employment record, and police encounters.

March 4, 1953: Public Safety Act

  • The government was empowered to declare stringent states of emergency.
  • Penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law were increased and was passed in response to the Defiance Campaign of 1952.

October 9, 1953: Reservation of Separate Amenities Act

  • This act legalized racial segregation of public premises, vehicles, and services.
  • Only public roads and streets were allowed to be used by all races.

December 5, 1956: Treason Trial

  • Nelson Mandela and 155 other political activists were charged with treason, and they were acquitted in 1956.

March 21, 1960: Sharpeville Massacre

  • Black protestors stormed a police station, resulting in 69 of them being killed.

1964: African National Congress (ANC)

  • Nelson Mandela rose to the leadership of the ANC.
  • Mandela was arrested and sentenced.

1974

  • South Africa was expelled from the United Nations.

1976

  • South Africa was banned from the Olympic Games.

June 16, 1976: Soweto Riot

  • More than 600 students were killed for protesting in Johannesburg for improved black education.

1983: State of Emergency

  • Protests continued, and the government declared a state of emergency, resulting in 30,000 more blacks being jailed.

1989

  • F.W. de Klerk became Prime Minister.
  • Negotiations to end Apartheid began in response to international and internal pressure.

February 2, 1990

  • The ban on the African National Conference (ANC) ended.
  • Prime Minister de Klerk opened up political power to black Africans.

February 11, 1990

  • Nelson Mandela was released from prison.
  • The African National Congress (ANC) and the government worked together to write a new constitution to end Apartheid.

October 15, 1990

  • The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act was repealed, ending racial segregation of public premises, vehicles, and services.

April 26, 1994

  • Blacks were granted the right to vote.

May 10, 1994

  • Nelson Mandela was elected as the first black President of South Africa.

December 5, 2013

  • Nelson Mandela died.

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