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Which factor primarily determines the demand for labour in an economy?

What is a significant consequence of underemployment in a labour market?

How has mechanisation most directly impacted the demand for labour in South Africa?

Which of the following is a primary objective of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) in South Africa?

Under the Labour Relations Act, what is a fundamental right granted to employees?

What role does the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation, and Arbitration (CCMA) play in South African labour relations?

What is the purpose of collective bargaining agreements in the context of labour relations?

What is the primary function of labour courts in South Africa?

Which of the following best describes 'brain drain' in the context of labour supply?

Consider a scenario where a country experiences rapid economic growth but unemployment remains high. Which concept best describes this situation in the labour market?

In the context of labour economics, what does the term 'economically active population' (EAP) encompass?

Which type of unemployment is typically associated with short-term job transitions and individuals entering the workforce?

During an economic recession, which type of unemployment is most likely to increase?

Technological advancements leading to job redundancy are a primary cause of which type of unemployment?

What is a key characteristic of structural unemployment in South Africa?

Which of the following is a significant economic effect of high unemployment rates in a country?

What was the primary aim of the GEAR policy in South Africa, in relation to unemployment?

The JIPSA initiative in South Africa was primarily focused on:

What is the main limitation of the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) in addressing long-term unemployment?

Which historical factor significantly contributes to the high rates of unemployment and skills deficits in South Africa?

What is the primary goal of 'economic redress' initiatives in South Africa?

The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in South Africa primarily focused on:

What was a key objective of the Tirisano Campaign in South Africa?

The Employment Equity Act in South Africa aims to primarily address which form of inequality?

Land reform policies in South Africa are primarily designed to achieve what aspect of economic redress?

Initiatives like Khula Enterprise Finance and Ntsika in South Africa are designed to support which sector?

What is the primary goal of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies in South Africa?

What role does Nedlac play in the democratisation of economic procedures in South Africa?

How did the AsgiSA policy differ from the GEAR policy in South Africa in terms of economic strategy?

What is the primary purpose of social grants in South Africa's economic redress strategy?

Consider a scenario where despite increased Black ownership in businesses, income inequality within the Black population widens. Which concept best describes this?

The National Forests Act and the Marine Living Resources Act in South Africa are examples of legislation aimed at:

Suppose South Africa implements a policy that significantly increases minimum wages without corresponding increases in productivity. What is a potential unintended consequence in the labour market?

Consider a scenario where a multinational corporation invests heavily in South Africa, creating numerous jobs, but repatriates most of its profits overseas and utilizes capital-intensive technology. How would this investment be critically evaluated in the context of economic redress and inclusive growth?

If South Africa were to prioritize import substitution industrialization (ISI) as a strategy for economic development, what would be a significant potential challenge in the contemporary global economy?

What is the primary factor determining the demand for labour from a business perspective?

Which term best describes a situation where individuals are employed but their skills and education are not fully utilized?

How has increased mechanisation primarily affected the demand for manual labour in many economies?

Which of the following is a core objective of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) in South Africa?

According to the Labour Relations Act, what fundamental right is granted to employees in South Africa?

What is the main function of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation, and Arbitration (CCMA) in South Africa?

What is the purpose of collective bargaining agreements in labour relations?

In South Africa's labour framework, what is the primary role of labour courts?

Which term accurately describes the emigration of skilled workers from South Africa to other countries?

What does 'economically active population' (EAP) refer to in labour economics?

Which type of unemployment is typically associated with individuals voluntarily changing jobs or recent graduates seeking their first job?

During an economic recession, which type of unemployment is most likely to see a significant increase?

Technological advancements leading to automation in manufacturing are a primary driver of which type of unemployment?

A persistent mismatch between the skills possessed by the workforce and the skills demanded by employers characterizes which type of unemployment in South Africa?

What is a significant economic consequence of high unemployment rates for a country?

What was the primary objective of the GEAR policy in South Africa concerning unemployment?

The JIPSA initiative in South Africa was specifically designed to address:

What is a key limitation of the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) in addressing unemployment?

Which historical factor significantly contributes to the current high rates of unemployment and skills deficits in South Africa?

What is the overarching goal of 'economic redress' initiatives in South Africa?

The Tirisano Campaign in South Africa was specifically targeted at improving:

The Employment Equity Act in South Africa is primarily designed to address which form of inequality in the workplace?

Land reform policies in South Africa are fundamentally aimed at achieving what aspect of economic redress?

Initiatives like Khula Enterprise Finance and Ntsika in South Africa are primarily intended to support:

What is the primary objective of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies in South Africa?

Consider a scenario where BEE policies lead to increased Black ownership in businesses, but income inequality within the Black population widens. Which concept best describes this outcome?

The National Forests Act and the Marine Living Resources Act in South Africa are examples of legislation primarily aimed at:

Suppose South Africa significantly increases minimum wages without corresponding increases in productivity. What is a potential unintended consequence in the labour market?

A multinational corporation invests heavily in South Africa, creating jobs, but repatriates most profits and uses capital-intensive technology. How would this be critically evaluated in the context of economic redress and inclusive growth?

If South Africa prioritized import substitution industrialization (ISI) as a development strategy, what would be a significant potential challenge in the contemporary global economy?

Assume a scenario where South Africa achieves significant economic growth, but unemployment rates remain stubbornly high, particularly amongst the youth. Which concept best describes this situation?

Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely lead to an increase in the supply of labour in South Africa?

Consider two policies: Policy X which provides direct cash transfers to unemployed individuals, and Policy Y which invests heavily in vocational training and education programs. Which statement BEST evaluates these policies in the context of addressing long-term unemployment in South Africa?

In the context of labour relations, if a company and a trade union reach a deadlock during collective bargaining, which of the following mechanisms is typically the NEXT step in dispute resolution under the LRA before resorting to strike or lockout?

Which Act in South Africa specifically sets minimum employment conditions, such as working hours and overtime pay, for employees?

What is the primary factor influencing the supply of labour?

Which institution plays a key role in resolving labour disputes in South Africa before they escalate to strikes or lockouts?

Which of the following BEST describes the term 'frictional unemployment'?

What is the core objective of the Tirisano Campaign in South Africa's context of economic redress?

In calculating the unemployment rate, what is the 'Economically Active Population' (EAP)?

Which factor is MOST likely to reduce the demand for labour in the short term?

How does adherence to international labour conventions affect South African labour practices?

What is the primary aim of redistributive land reform policies in South Africa?

What is a significant challenge in achieving the goals of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)?

What role does Nedlac play in the democratisation of economic policy in South Africa?

During an economic recession, which action would MOST effectively mitigate cyclical unemployment?

How do technological advancements typically contribute to structural unemployment?

What is the MOST likely consequence of a significant 'brain drain' on South Africa's labour market?

Which initiative directly addresses the issue of skill shortages by focusing on critical skills needed in the South African labor market?

What is the primary goal of initiatives like Khula Enterprise Finance and Ntsika in South Africa?

Which statement ACCURATELY contrasts the AsgiSA policy with the GEAR policy in South Africa?

Which of the following scenarios would MOST directly undermine the objectives of South Africa's Employment Equity Act?

What is a CRITICAL limitation of relying solely on social grants to address poverty in South Africa?

What is a potential unintended consequence of significantly increasing the minimum wage without corresponding increases in productivity?

Which of the following BEST describes the likely effect of increased mechanisationin manufacturing on structural unemployment?

How do sustainable utilization policies, such as the National Forests Act and the Marine Living Resources Act, contribute to economic redress?

What is a key provision of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act?

How can public works programs MOST effectively reduce long-term unemployment, beyond providing immediate jobs?

Consider a scenario where a multinational corporation invests heavily in South Africa and creates many jobs, but repatriates most of its profits overseas while utilizing capital-intensive technology. How would this investment be critically evaluated in the context of economic redress and inclusive growth?

Which factor would MOST likely improve South Africa's success in global export markets?

What is a key element that all successful policies to address the gender pay gap MUST include?

Suppose South Africa implemented import substitution industrialization (ISI) as a national development strategy, what is a significant potential challenge it would face?

What is the MOST significant obstacle to achieving complete gender equality in South Africa's labour market?

Which approach would be MOST effective in addressing the historical educational disparities that contribute to current unemployment rates in South Africa?

Which initiative would MOST effectively counter concerns about 'elite enrichment' in BEE policies, ensuring broader-based benefits?

A prevalent issue in South Africa involves a scenario where significant economic growth occurs, but unemployment remains stubbornly high, especially amongst the youth. Which approach would offer the MOST sustainable solution to this paradox?

In a scenario where despite increased Black ownership in businesses, income inequality within the Black population widens, which intervention would be MOST effective?

Assuming a perfectly competitive labour market in South Africa, an exogenous increase in the demand for locally manufactured goods, coupled with a simultaneous decrease in net immigration of skilled workers, would MOST likely result in which of the following?

In the context of South Africa's commitment to various international labour conventions, how might the ratification of an ILO protocol on forced labour MOST directly influence domestic labour legislation and enforcement mechanisms?

Given South Africa's dualistic labour market characterised by a formal sector with relatively high wages and a large informal sector with low wages and precarious employment, what policy intervention would MOST effectively reduce inequality and promote inclusive growth?

Consider a scenario where South Africa experiences significant capital inflows due to increased foreign direct investment in the renewable energy sector. Simultaneously, there is a growing concern about the 'skills mismatch' between the available labour force and the specific technical skills required for these new industries. Which of the following policy responses would MOST effectively address this dual challenge?

Suppose that empirical evidence suggests that South Africa's Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) disproportionately benefits higher-skilled, formally employed individuals who experience short spells of unemployment, while providing limited support to low-skilled, informally employed individuals facing chronic unemployment. Which of the following reforms to the UIF would MOST effectively address this disparity and promote greater equity?

Considering the historical context of apartheid and its enduring legacy on South Africa's labour market, which of the following strategies would MOST effectively promote intergenerational economic mobility and reduce persistent inequalities?

In the context of South Africa's commitment to sustainable development and environmental protection, how should land reform policies MOST effectively balance the objectives of economic redress with the imperative of preserving biodiversity and ecological integrity?

Given the persistent challenge of youth unemployment in South Africa, which of the following interventions would MOST effectively bridge the gap between education and employment and enhance the employability of young people?

Suppose that South Africa's Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies have successfully increased Black ownership in various sectors of the economy, but income inequality within the Black population has widened. Which of the following complementary policies would MOST effectively address this phenomenon and promote more inclusive BEE?

Considering the interconnected challenges of poverty, unemployment, and inequality in South Africa, which of the following policy approaches would MOST effectively foster sustainable and inclusive economic development?

Assuming a Keynesian perspective within a closed economy, if South Africa experiences a simultaneous decline in both private investment and export demand due to an external global recession, which fiscal policy intervention would MOST effectively stabilize aggregate demand and mitigate the risk of a severe economic downturn?

In a scenario where the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) aims to simultaneously achieve inflation targeting and exchange rate stability amid volatile global financial markets, which policy instrument would provide the MOST effective and flexible response, assuming the SARB has credible independence?

Considering the ongoing debate surrounding fiscal policy in South Africa, which argument BEST encapsulates the potential trade-off between short-term countercyclical spending and long-term fiscal sustainability?

Assuming the existence of a Laffer curve, if the South African government implements a significant increase in income tax rates with the intention of increasing tax revenues, what potential outcome would be MOST inconsistent with Laffer curve principles?

Consider a scenario where South Africa's trade unions successfully negotiate substantial wage increases for their members, exceeding productivity gains. Assuming a relatively closed economy, which of the following macroeconomic consequences is MOST likely to occur?

Given the structure of the South African economy, which policy would MOST directly address structural unemployment caused by technological advancements in the mining sector?

If South Africa were to implement a comprehensive basic income grant (BIG) funded through increased taxes, which potential unintended consequence would be MOST concerning from a macroeconomic perspective?

Assuming South Africa's unemployment rate is disaggregated by race and gender, which initiative would MOST directly address the intersectional disadvantages faced by young, Black women in the labour market?

In the context of climate change and the global transition to a low-carbon economy, which strategy would MOST effectively promote economic diversification and create new employment opportunities for South African coal miners who are displaced by the closure of coal-fired power plants?

A firm operating in a perfectly competitive market experiences diminishing marginal returns to labour. If the market wage rate increases, how will this firm MOST likely adjust its labour input in the short run to maximize profits?

What is the MOST likely impact of an import tariff imposed by South Africa on steel? Assume that South Africa is a small country in the global steel market.

If South Africa devalues its currency to stimulate exports, what condition MUST hold for this policy to improve the country's trade balance, according to the Marshall-Lerner condition, assuming initial trade deficit?

Assuming a Mundell-Fleming model with perfect capital mobility and a flexible exchange rate, if the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) lowers the repo rate (policy interest rate), what is the MOST likely short-run impact on the exchange rate and aggregate output?

If South Africa's investment spending is highly sensitive to changes in interest rates, what is the MOST likely effect on the effectiveness of fiscal policy in stimulating economic growth, assuming a closed economy and no monetary policy response?

Assuming rational expectations and a credible inflation-targeting regime, if the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) announces a surprise increase in the inflation target, what is the MOST likely immediate impact on inflation expectations and actual inflation?

In the context of South Africa's economic redress policies, which initiative would MOST directly promote broad-based ownership and control of productive assets by historically disadvantaged communities, rather than concentrating benefits in the hands of a few individuals?

Considering that South Africa is a dual economy with a substantial informal sector, what policy would MOST effectively integrate informal businesses into the formal economy and promote inclusive growth?

What is the MOST likely consequence of high and persistent inflation on long-term economic growth in South Africa?

If South Africa adopts a floating exchange rate regime, what will MOST likely happen to the value of the Rand if the country experiences a sudden and significant decrease in commodity prices, assuming all else remains constant?

Which supply-side policy would address structural unemployment caused by technological advancements?

If a country's real GDP is growing at 3% per year and its population is growing at 2% per year, what is the approximate growth rate of per capita real GDP?

Which of the following best describes the concept of hysteresis in the context of long-term unemployment?

According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, what will happen if South Africa, which is relatively abundant in unskilled labor, opens up to free trade?

What is the MOST likely impact of an increase in the supply of labour on the equilibrium wage rate and level of employment, assuming a perfectly competitive labour market?