Sources of Studying History
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Questions and Answers

Which source is specifically associated with the Arabian influence on Sri Lanka?

  • Phillipus Baldaeus’s book
  • Ribeiro’s book of Sri Lanka
  • Ibn Batuta’s Travelling accounts (correct)
  • Fa-Hsien Thero’s Travelling accounts
  • Which group of sources includes writings on metal plates and clay slabs?

  • Museum artifacts
  • Historical narrative sources
  • Epigraphical sources (correct)
  • Archaeological sources
  • Which of the following sources did NOT come from Portuguese accounts regarding Sri Lanka?

  • Fa-Hsien Thero’s Travelling accounts (correct)
  • Ribeiro’s book of Sri Lanka
  • Historical Relation of Island Ceylon
  • Ceylon as described by Robert Knox
  • What were the oldest inscriptions in Sri Lanka known as?

    <p>Brahmi inscriptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foreign source details the experience of a Chinese traveler in Sri Lanka?

    <p>Fa-Hsien Thero’s Travelling accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inscription is specifically written on rock surfaces?

    <p>Giri Lipi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of media is used for writings found in the Ambekke Devalaya?

    <p>Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options represents a type of inscription written on stone pillars?

    <p>Tam Lipi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient coin was specifically known to be one of the oldest found in Sri Lanka?

    <p>Kahapana coins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of learning history regarding national identity?

    <p>Recognizing one's national identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect poses a significant risk for archaeological sources due to urban development?

    <p>Construction of roads and buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does numismatics study in the context of archaeology?

    <p>Ancient coins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not categorized as a medium of epigraphy?

    <p>Glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local literary source is considered reliable for studying early Sri Lankan history?

    <p>Mahawamsa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary uses of literary sources in historical studies?

    <p>To prepare historical chronology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book provides information about the history of the Buddhist order?

    <p>Thupawamsa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect must be considered when evaluating literary sources for their reliability?

    <p>The author's objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a local literary source mentioned?

    <p>Chronicles of the West</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time period does the Rajawaliya cover?

    <p>The Kotte era to the Gampola period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary source is used to study the history between the Kotte and Kandy periods?

    <p>Sandesha Kavya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sources are considered archaeological sources?

    <p>Physical artifacts and remains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sources of Studying History

    • This document is for educational purposes only and is property of Mr. M F Sheriffdeen
    • The document should not be reproduced without prior written permission from the author

    Classification of Sources

    • Literary sources (written)
    • Archaeological sources

    Literary Sources

    • Can be further categorized as:
      • Local literary sources
      • Foreign literary sources

    Local Literary Sources

    • Chronicles:
      • Deepawamsa (first), Mahawamsa (credible)
      • Mahawamsa teekawa (Wansattappakasini)
    • Annotations/ Interpretations:
      • Mahawamsa teekawa (Wansattappakasini)
    • Sandesha Kavya:
      • Mayura, Thisara, Selalihini
    • Prashasthi Kavya:
      • Perakumba Siritha
    • Hatan Kavya:
      • Seethawaka hatana, Constantinu Hatana, Ingrisi hatana
    • Buddhist religious texts:
      • Bodhiwamsa, Thupawamsa, Dhathuwamsa, Poojawaliya, Saddharmalankaraya

    Local Books and Their Importance

    • Bodhiwamsa, Thupawamsa, Dhathuwamsa, Poojawaliya, Saddharmalankaraya:
      • Buddhist religious texts that are helpful in studying the Rajarata Civilization (Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Kingdoms).
    • Nikaya Sangraha:
      • Provides the history of the Buddhist order (Sasana).
    • Rajawaliya:
      • Provides political information from the Gampola to Kotte period.
    • Sandesha, Prashasthi and Hatan Kavya:
      • Helpful in studying the history between Kotte and Kandy.

    Facts to Consider

    • Time
    • Author
    • Author's objectives
    • Method of obtaining facts

    Uses of Literary Sources

    • To create historical chronology
    • To gain information about political, economic and social aspects of each era.
    • To substantiate information from other sources
    • To study international relations of a country

    Foreign Sources (Who Came to Sri Lanka)

    • India:
      • Seelappadikaram, Manimekalai, Padirupattu
    • China:
      • Fa-Hsien Thero's Travelling accounts
    • Arabian:
      • Ibn Batuta's Travelling accounts
    • Portugal:
      • Ribeiro's book of Sri Lanka
    • Holland/Dutch:
      • The book of Phillipus Baldaeus
    • England:
      • Robert Knox's Historical Relation of Island Ceylon (Eda Heladiva)

    Foreign Sources (by who DID NOT COME to Sri Lanka)

    • Greek
    • Roman
    • Chinese
    • Portugal

    Archaeological Sources

    • Epigraphy (Inscriptions and writing on metal, wood, clay)
    • Coins
    • Ruins
    • Drawings, Sculpture and Antiquities

    Epigraphy

    • Epigraphy is the study of writings on stones, metal plates, clay, or wood
    • Used to name or represent things

    Inscriptions

    • oldest inscriptions in Sri Lanka are Brahmi inscriptions
    • categorized by shape and use:
      • Rock inscriptions (Giri Lipi)
      • Seat inscriptions (Asana Lipi)
      • Pillar inscriptions (Tam lipi)
      • Slab inscriptions (Puwaru Lipi)
      • Cave inscriptions (Len lipi)

    Media of Epigraphy

    • Walls: King Nisshankamalla's Galpotha Inscription, Graffiti in Sigiriya
    • Copper Plates: Panakaduwa Copper plate, Vallipuram Golden Plate
    • Golden Plates: King Vijayabahu I
    • Wood: Writings in Ambekke Devalaya
    • Clay Slabs: Scripts on tiles and bricks
    • Urns: Scripts on clay pots and begging bowls

    Coins

    • Oldest coins in Sri Lanka are Kahapana/Purana/ Dharana
    • Examples include Swastika coins, Lakshmi coins, and golden coins
    • Copper coins (Thamba Massa) were used in the Polonnaruwa Era
    • Roman, Indian, and Chinese coins were also found

    Ancient Ruins

    • Ancient buildings, stupas, stone pillars, tanks, and ponds are examples
    • They are in Sri Lanka

    Drawings, Sculptures, and Antiquities

    • Frescoes: Sigiriya
    • Sculpture: Isurumuni Temple
    • Antiquities: Objects used by people

    Benefits of Learning History

    • Understand society and the world
    • Construct future by understanding the past
    • Recognize national identity
    • Respect other cultures and views (ethnic harmony and co-existence)

    Importance of Protecting Archaeological Sources

    • Speedy urbanization poses a risk to archaeological sources
    • Rocks may be marked with symbols (Palm tree, bow and arrow, sun, moon, etc.) for communication and delimiting boundaries; should be protected at all costs

    Practice Questions

    • Briefly explain the importance of Mahawamsa and Deepawamsa
    • Which is more credible, Mahawamsa or Deepawamsa, and why?

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    Description

    This quiz explores the various sources used in studying history, focusing on literary and archaeological categories. It includes detailed information about local literary sources such as historical chronicles and Buddhist religious texts. Test your knowledge on these important elements of historical research.

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